**10. References**

Ambrosio, Y. (2006). La certificación forestal en Galicia. *CIS madeira: Revista do Centro de Innovación e Servizos Tecnolóxicos da Madeira de Galicia*, ISSN 1886-3752, Nº. 14, 2006 , p. 70-83

c. monitor and control the progress of on-the-ground management plans and related

Instead, however, technical staff members in districts are almost completely dedicated to fighting fires for up to half of the year. Therefore, in order to implement any new forest strategy in a coherent manner, it is necessary that responsibilities be changed so that some technical staff would be completely dedicated to forest management regardless of the

**Lesson Five – Advantages for Small Ownerships:** The implementation of a well-designed and supported SFM framework would boost forest certification in small non-industrial forestry settings. In Galicia, group and regional certifications are underdeveloped, in part as a result of the high degree of small, fragmented private ownership. It is important to note that the certification initiatives that have been most successful for small non-industrial private forest owners use documentation and processes that are very similar that those designed for the SFM strategy framework by DXM. This may indicate that a complete framework would aid to develop smallholder certification initiatives throughout the region and would reduce their implementation costs, which are a major constraint. Moreover, a SFM framework with a public participation may help auditors and group managers to verify and register the achievement of indicators and ease some of the required procedures. In addition, it also may be possible that strong public participation in the SFM framework development could help in objectively defining the certification requirements in Galicia and comparing them to what is required in other countries. This process could facilitate reviews and modifications to both FSC and PEFC national standards or, perhaps, enable the

In conclusion, although the initial stages of its development seemed to progress rapidly, the continued development and implementation of the SFM strategy framework has been delayed and is far from complete, , with some major elements progressing only slowly, if at all. Greater time and effort spent obtaining clarity of roles and support from all stakeholders and actors at the initial stages of the process, while slowing the early stages, would likely

Meanwhile, the forest industry in Galicia is facing increasing pressure by markets and public opinion to demonstrate that it has adopted sustainable practices. The Galician private forest sector, which is moving in this direction despite the difficulties in Galicia caused by the very small holdings and fragmented ownership, has begun to realize that the full implementation of the SFM strategy framework could mitigate some of forest sector's problems in this regard and thus might be critical to its long-term survival. Given that some positive results that correlate very well with the government's strategy framework have been achieved by private initiatives in a short period of time, there is reason to be optimistic

Ambrosio, Y. (2006). La certificación forestal en Galicia. *CIS madeira: Revista do Centro de* 

*Innovación e Servizos Tecnolóxicos da Madeira de Galicia*, ISSN 1886-3752, Nº. 14, 2006 ,

actions.

severity of the fire season.

development of regional ones.

have led to more progress by this time.

that more and faster progress may be made in the near future.

**9. Conclusion** 

**10. References** 

p. 70-83

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**12** 

Tasos Hovardas *University of Thessaly* 

*Greece* 

**Can Forest Management in Protected Areas** 

**Perspective from the Dadia-Soufli-Lefkimi** 

**Forest National Park, Greece** 

**Produce New Risk Situations? A Mixed-Motive** 

Sustainable forest management is conceptualized as a management system which attempts to conciliate economic, ecological, and social dimensions (Maes et al., 2011; Vierikko et al., 2008). In this direction, sustainable forest management will have to foresee mechanisms and institutional arrangements for resolving trade-offs among multiple actors with conflicting interests (Bernués et al., 2005; Van Gossum et al., 2011). Decisionmaking schemes that involve a variety of interest groups might lead to increased complexity due to the societal demand for rational and transparent deliberation processes (Brechin et al., 2002; Wolfslehner & Seidl, 2010). A major challenge to sustainable forest management is to handle this complexity as well as confront uncertainty, which originates from changes in positions of stakeholders, scientific theories, and social institutions

One response to complexity is to employ adaptive management, which presupposes feedback mechanisms and reflexive learning processes as necessary prerequisites to cope with an undetermined future and the core issues of risk and uncertainty (Plummer & Fennell, 2009; Von Detten, 2011). However, social aspects of sustainability are frequently downplayed even in adaptive management configurations. Previous studies showed that conventional methods of social science research and widely implemented management policies might underestimate the social heterogeneity at the local level to a substantial extent (Berninger et al., 2010; Sugimura & Howard, 2008). This inadequate handling of the social context might be expressed in matters of environmental governance. For instance, when local communities are represented by spokespersons adhering to majorities, minority positions are excluded (Hovardas et al., 2009; Hovik et

In the present paper we will approach the notion of sustainable forest management critically by examining the case study of the Dadia-Lefkimi-Soufli Forest National Park (DNP) in Greece. Our basic objective is to exemplify how forest management in a protected area can succeed in guaranteeing viable population sizes of endangered species but, at the same time, how it can eventuate in new risk situations regarding fire suppression and ecotourism development. Next, we will present a mixed-motive perspective formulated by local

**1. Introduction** 

(Foster et al., 2010).

al., 2010).


<http://mediorural.xunta.es/es/areas/forestal/produccion\_e\_industrias/subastas/>
