**Box 1. Principles guiding the CFM process in Uganda**


Community, a leady agency, a private contractor, a non-governmental organisation or stakeholders (NFA, 2003). A Responsible Body may be the National Forestry Authority (Section 52 of the Act) to manage Central Forest Reserves (CFRs) and the District Forestry Services (Section 48) to manage and Local Forest Reserves (LFRs). Section 15 of the National Forestry and Tree Planting Act (2003) mandates Responsible Bodies to enter into Collaborative Forest Management arrangements between the themselves and any forest user group(s). Section 28 of the National Forestry and Tree Planting Act (2003) also commits the Responsible Bodies to prepare management plans for all forest reserves and further guides that this "shall be in consultation with the local community", thus further emphasising the spirit of Uganda's CFM approaches. The Local Government Act (1997) assigns management of forest resources to local government and sub-county councils (Local Governments Act Part IV).The National Forestry and Tree Planting Act 2003 (Section 48) further obliges the District Local Government to establish a forestry office that is responsible for management of forest resources in the district.

To guide the step by step process of undertaking Collaborative Forest Management are CFM Guidelines (2003) that have been put in place. Part 3 of the CFM Guidelines describes the purpose for CFM as including: rehabilitation of degraded forests, maintenance of forest reserve boundaries, and regulation of access to forest products, joint law enforcement and public participation in forest management (GOU, 2003). Further to the development of CFM Guidelines are the CFM Regulations which will additionally provide for the rules and requirements for CFM and pave way for better understanding of the roles and responsibilities of concerned parties. The National Forest Plan (NFP) 2002, a sectoral plan for

 A process approach based on learning by doing – communities as well as forest resource managers learn from one another. This means that more time is taken to

Meaningful participation and shared analysis – communities getting deeply

 There is negotiation and consensus building – exchange of opinion, the buy-andtake approach. There is discussion of real problems that concern the parties and

Appropriate representation and responsibilities – with due consideration of

 A supporting legal and policy framework. This involves analysing, understanding and sharing information on policy and legal provisions for CFM within the CFM

 Building capacity for change – tolerating one another. Stakeholders are empowered to take lead and efforts to ensure good representation of all

Long term perspective – forestry enterprises are long term and thus agreements

 Transparent communication to attract marginalized stakeholders. Information is put in a format understandable to all stakeholders including women, youth and

involved. Stakeholders are given enough time to adjust to new roles.

resources involved to fairly address local community livelihoods

**Box 1. Principles guiding the CFM process in Uganda** 

women, the elderly and the disadvantage groups.

must be stable and honoured by all parties.

build trust and relationships.

Guidelines

stakeholders.

disadvantaged groups.

Community, a leady agency, a private contractor, a non-governmental organisation or stakeholders (NFA, 2003). A Responsible Body may be the National Forestry Authority (Section 52 of the Act) to manage Central Forest Reserves (CFRs) and the District Forestry Services (Section 48) to manage and Local Forest Reserves (LFRs). Section 15 of the National Forestry and Tree Planting Act (2003) mandates Responsible Bodies to enter into Collaborative Forest Management arrangements between the themselves and any forest user group(s). Section 28 of the National Forestry and Tree Planting Act (2003) also commits the Responsible Bodies to prepare management plans for all forest reserves and further guides that this "shall be in consultation with the local community", thus further emphasising the spirit of Uganda's CFM approaches. The Local Government Act (1997) assigns management of forest resources to local government and sub-county councils (Local Governments Act Part IV).The National Forestry and Tree Planting Act 2003 (Section 48) further obliges the District Local Government to establish a forestry office that is responsible for management

To guide the step by step process of undertaking Collaborative Forest Management are CFM Guidelines (2003) that have been put in place. Part 3 of the CFM Guidelines describes the purpose for CFM as including: rehabilitation of degraded forests, maintenance of forest reserve boundaries, and regulation of access to forest products, joint law enforcement and public participation in forest management (GOU, 2003). Further to the development of CFM Guidelines are the CFM Regulations which will additionally provide for the rules and requirements for CFM and pave way for better understanding of the roles and responsibilities of concerned parties. The National Forest Plan (NFP) 2002, a sectoral plan for

of forest resources in the district.

forestry development in Uganda that provides a framework for implementing 2001 Uganda Forestry Policy into action clarifies under makes provision for CFM by encouraging partnerships between lead forest agencies and local communities to enhance people's access to, utilisation of forest products.
