**2.2.5 Post exploration conduction**

A set of treatments are carried out to stimulate candeia's natural regeneration, guarantying environmental harmony and local restoration. The operations consist of withdraw only of candeia wood, i.e. not to interfere in non candeia woody vegetation that exists in the forest fragment. The practice is linked to revolving the ground in 5 to 10 cm depths. This procedure must be done in 60 cm diameter circles or in squares with 60 x 60

is adequate or not is not only associated to the abundance of regeneration, but also to its distribution in the area. It is important to stress that any area subject to management must be protected from domestic animals and fire, this way not compromising the natural

(a) soon after exploration (b) 6 months after exploration

(c) 24 months after exploration (d) aerial view 24 months after exploration

Fig. 11. Implementation of the group selection system (a); candeia natural regeneration after 6 months (b) and 24 months after exploration (c); aerial view of the group selection system

A set of treatments are carried out to stimulate candeia's natural regeneration, guarantying environmental harmony and local restoration. The operations consist of withdraw only of candeia wood, i.e. not to interfere in non candeia woody vegetation that exists in the forest fragment. The practice is linked to revolving the ground in 5 to 10 cm depths. This procedure must be done in 60 cm diameter circles or in squares with 60 x 60

24 months after exploration (d).

**2.2.5 Post exploration conduction** 

Fig. 10. Wood removed from the forest fragment transported by mules.

regeneration and consequently the sustained vegetation production over time.

cm, distant about 2.5 meters of one another, without suppressing any other shrub or tree species. Therefore, their disposition may be irregular to meet this specificity of management (Figure 12).

Practices must be adopted in the conduction of natural regeneration to increase volumetric increment, involving the elimination of invasive species such as vines that may restrict the establishment of candeia, as well as thinning when competition is above the site's capacity. Typically this thinning should be performed when the larger plants present height of around 1 m.

So that there is no risk to the genetic diversity of candeia under management, for any of the systems implemented there should be a minimum number of seeds trees equivalent to at least 100 plants per hectare. In addition, it is mandatory that the managed areas be protected against the action of domestic animals and fire.

Fig. 12. Example of post exploration practices, soil scarification using a hoe.

For the evaluation of the regeneration of managed areas, Brazilian environmental agencies require Annual Technical Reports until the 3rd year after exploration, the transplanting of epiphytes and other components that characterize sustainable management.
