**6. Conclusion**

Molecular markers have facilitated the studies of genetics, taxonomy and evolution of plants delivering breakthrough in scientific knowledge. New possibilities of genetic manipulation emerged, directly benefiting the plant breeding.

The selection methods were largely enhanced by the use of molecular markers, and the success of marker-assisted selection depends on the degree of association between him and

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the characteristic of interest: the greater the association, the lower the chance of recombination between the marker and gene controlling the trait, with a higher selection efficiency. The use of molecular markers presents several advantages over morphological markers: lack of phenotypic analysis, which has high cost and difficulty in performing; no need for special environments (drought and inoculation with pathogens); allows for subjective evaluations (performance organoleptic); there is no destruction of the plant evaluated; allowing the early identification of features found only in advanced stages of plant development.

In plant breeding, there are some challenges, and obtain individuals with the gene combination desirable for the features of interest, presented as one. Two factors are involved in resolving the issue: the existence of variability and the selection process. The identification of individuals requires an efficient method and skill of the investigator.

Molecular markers may help in the selection process for individuals as well as in the process of reviewing the existing diversity. The applications follow some peculiarities and the challenge of reducing costs is a objective to be achieved.

The advantages and limitations of these tools were described in the chapter and serve as a basis for further studies and investigated. The speed in the generation of new knowledge requires much intellectual and financial investment from the professionals working in the field of molecular marker-assisted selection.
