**3. Plant transformation: a prospective to revolution**

Transformation is the alteration in genetic makeup of a cell due to incorporation of a foreign DNA fragment that expresses in the cell resulting variation in physiochemical properties. Plant transformation is now a routine practice and carried out through different approaches including *Agrobacterium* mediated, gene gun, electroporation, microinjection and few more. More than 120 diverse plant species have been transformed. Now in most of the developed countries transgenic crops are cultivated with improved nutritional quality and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This not only improved food quality and quantity for humans and animals but also somewhat has positive influence on environment. Even after a lot of advancement in transformation technologies, many plant species including soybean is considered recalcitrant to transformation.

*Agrobacterium* mediated transformation of soybean has shown significant improvement and enabled public and private sector for production of commercial cultivars with transgenic traits. A number of reports describe condition standardization for T-DNA delivery, effect of *Agrobacterium* strain and choice of cultivar and conditions to produce high yield of transformants. Beside all above mentioned conditions, soybean cultivar susceptibility to *Agrobacterium* can not be overlooked. Although, protocols for production of transgenic plant have been standardized but all seems ineffective. We are far away from getting transformants from a single experiment especially in case of soybean that is still considered obstinate to transformation.
