**2.3 Transformation of sunflower oil to supramolecular capsules**

Similar to the multilamellar stable vesicle, transformation of vegetable oil to supramolecular capsules is observed in the microbial mediated process of transformation. The selected microbe marine *Bacillus* sps., when grown in mineral medium with sunflower oil at 5% (v/v) at 37°C under 180-200 rpm agitation. As summarized above, hydrolysis of oil takes place at initial stage by enzymes released during the growth of the organism. The release of fatty acids and the unspent peptides mediates the self-assembly process results with the transparent capsule like structures and opaque structures of different shapes after 5 days and the percentage of transparency decreases and at final stage, more than 90% of capsules are opaque. Though two different shapes were observed during the experimental period, the one with spherical shape initially in the form of transparent spheres and upon increasing the incubation period it becomes opaque. The following figure demonstrates the transparent and opaque supramolecular structures of sunflower oil. The reason for the transparent and the opaque self-assembly structures may be due to the orientation of amphiphilic molecules assembly processes and the lecithin present at appreciable level. Furthermore, the dynamic molecular recognition, the reorientation and the packing parameters might have played the role in the formation of capsule like supramolecular assemblies.

Fig. 3. Supramolecular capsules from sunflower oil.

286 Soybean – Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement

Further, most of the reports suggests only alkaline pH mediates the self-assembly processes (Wang et al., 2004). However, in the experiments concerned, we observed stable vesicle formation at acidic pH (>4.0). The formation of fused structures may also due to the counter ions exist in the growth media. According to Lei & MacDonald (2003), because of the counter ions, there is compression in the bilayer. More the compression more the packing, which reduces the entering of outer molecules to the inner core of the vesicle, increases the diameter of the vesicle to the maximum size and the additional bilayer will leads to fusion of vesicles. Though Singh et al. (2009) reported, presence of cationic surfactant increases the packing of lamellar structures, in our study the produced biosurfactants is a non-ionic and the complete packing of lamellar structure may be due to the accumulation effect. The molecular network formation between fatty acids and biosurfactants provides high thermal

Similar to the multilamellar stable vesicle, transformation of vegetable oil to supramolecular capsules is observed in the microbial mediated process of transformation. The selected microbe marine *Bacillus* sps., when grown in mineral medium with sunflower oil at 5% (v/v) at 37°C under 180-200 rpm agitation. As summarized above, hydrolysis of oil takes place at initial stage by enzymes released during the growth of the organism. The release of fatty acids and the unspent peptides mediates the self-assembly process results with the transparent capsule like structures and opaque structures of different shapes after 5 days and the percentage of transparency decreases and at final stage, more than 90% of capsules are opaque. Though two different shapes were observed during the experimental period, the one with spherical shape initially in the form of transparent spheres and upon increasing the incubation period it becomes opaque. The following figure demonstrates the transparent and opaque supramolecular structures of sunflower oil. The reason for the transparent and the opaque self-assembly structures may be due to the orientation of amphiphilic molecules assembly processes and the lecithin present at appreciable level. Furthermore, the dynamic molecular recognition, the reorientation and the packing parameters might have played the role in the formation of

Fig. 2. Multilamellar stable vesicles (MLSV) from soybean oil.

stability to the macroscopic structures observed.

capsule like supramolecular assemblies.

**2.3 Transformation of sunflower oil to supramolecular capsules** 
