**7. References**


symmetry of average signal amplitudes in a relation to the zero level. But when we take into account that the acceleration has been amplitude-normalized to the rotation, it is clear that we cannot estimate the size of this shift. Such shifts may be present always, or they may be absent only in some cases and frequency bands, for example - this depicted in Fig. 15, two lowermost panels; here – the acceleration coincide with the rotation or is plotted higher

Some methods of cleaning the signals from possible contaminations are under development, and we are going to record rotational motions with the use of two Sagnac-type interferometers placed at some distance. Nevertheless, the studies outlined here show that the field experiments with AFORS-1 bring an important information concerning the seismic

The direct measurement of the absolute rotational components with linear changes of the accuracy form 5.1·10-9 to 5.5·10-8 rad/s, for the detection frequencies range from 0.83 to 106.15 Hz is the main advantage of the presented system AFORS. As shown in the first field test, the system type AFORS appears as the promising device to study both the seismic field generated by earthquakes at least at local distance range, and the reaction of buildings and other constructions to strong motions. In the first domain however, the whole detecting/registering system needs further studies – especially, the recordings analysed both in the low frequencies, below 3 Hz and in the relatively high frequencies, from 18 Hz upwards seem to contain too much noise. But most probably, at least part of this noise comes to the equipment from outside. Therefore, also the conditions at the Książ observatory should be checked again, despite that for other scientific equipment, as the regular seismic station KSPROT, these corridors (excavated by the slaves under German supervision during the second world war) provide the

This work was done in 2011 under the financial support of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under Key Project POIG.01.03.01-14-016/08 "New photonic materials and their advanced application" and partially the Military University of Technology

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except for the summit.

**5. Conclusion** 

field of mining seismic events.

satisfactory environment.

statutory activity No PBS-829.

**6. Acknowledgment** 

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**Part 4** 

**Earthquakes and Planning** 


**Part 4** 

**Earthquakes and Planning** 

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**17** 

**Experience with Restoration of Asia Pacific** 

As the Internet grows, networks become larger and more complex, and the number of components, such as routers, switches, and fiber cables, increases. In complicated network systems, it is difficult to implement global network management across several Internet service providers (ISPs) that use a lot of network components in a large-scale network topology. Fault management is a particularly important network management issue in complex network systems because the Internet has become essential to business and research. However, we are only beginning to learn how to deal with global network failures

Failures have been reported in Sprint Internet protocol (IP) backbone, which shows that failures can be observed in everyday operation (Iannanccone et al., 2002; Markopulou et al., 2004). However, the network failures observed by (Iannaccone et al., 2002) and (Markopoulou et al., 2004) were short-lived and small scale, and their impacts were analyzed only in the context of a single ISP. Most network backup or fault restoration methods have been studied and proposed for the various layers such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), multi-protocol label switching (MPLS), or IP (Fumagalli & Valcarenghi, 2000; Gerstel & Ramaswami, 2000; Ramamurthy et al, 2003; Saharabuddhe et al., 2004; Sharma & Hellstrand, 2003). Yet, the proposed backup and restoration methods have not been fully implemented and deployed in the real network. Since real networks are more complicated than theoretical ones, the impacts of network failures on users and ISP's cannot be completely predicted and analyzed. Significant network failures due to natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, or fires could have particularly wide impact on

We discuss the results of the critical network failures that occurred after the Taiwan earthquake in Dec. 2006, which cut fibers and caused network failures. We also explain how restoration methods such as automatic border gateway protocol (BGP) (Lougheed & Rekhter, 1989) re-routing, BGP policy change, and switch reconfiguration were conducted. We hope that the experience and knowledge we gained during the process of recovering

**1. Introduction** 

in large networks.

several ISPs.

**Network Failures from Taiwan Earthquake** 

*1National Institute of Information and Communications Technology,* 

Yasuichi Kitamura1, Youngseok Lee2, Ryo Sakiyama3 and Koji Okamura3

*2Chungnam National Univeristy,* 

*3Kyushu University* 

*1,3Japan 2Korea* 
