**1. Introduction**

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Measurement of radon-222 in groundwater has been frequently used in earthquake prediction (Igarashi et al. 1995; Liu et al. 1985; Noguchi & Wakita 1977; Teng, 1980; Wakita et al. 1980; Kuo et al. 2006, 2010a, 2010b). According to a worldwide survey (Hauksson 1981; Toutain & Baubron 1999), more than 80 % of radon (Rn-222) anomalies associated with earthquakes show increases in radon concentration precursor to a rupture while a few anomalies manifested decreases in radon. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a practical guide of monitoring groundwater radon for the early warning of local disastrous earthquakes. In this chapter, methods of monitoring groundwater radon including procedures of sample collection and radon determination will be addressed. The following sections outline suitable geological conditions to consistently catch precursory declines in groundwater radon, in-situ radon volatilization mechanism for interpreting anomalous decreases in groundwater radon prior to earthquakes, and mathematical model for quantifying gas saturation developed in newly created cracks preceding an earthquake. Case studies are provided to illustrate the application of recurrent radon precursors for forecasting local large and moderate earthquakes.
