Contents

### **Preface** XIII

	- **Part 2 Studies on Earthquake Precursors and Forecasting 41**

X Contents


Chapter 10 **Changes in Apparent Resistivity in the Late Preparation Stages of Strong Earthquakes 197**  Du Xuebin, An Zhanghui, Yan Rui, Ye Qing, Fan Yingying, Liu Jun, Chen Junying and Tan Dacheng

Contents VII

Chapter 19 **Correlation Between Geology,** 

Sule Tudes

**Earthquake and Urban Planning 417** 

**Disaster Situations: A Multi-Agent Approach 435**  Robson dos Santos França, Maria das Graças B. Marietto,

Margarethe Born Steinberger and Nizam Omar

Chapter 20 **Simulating Collective Behavior in Natural** 


#### **Part 3 Earthquake Observatories 273**


#### **Part 4 Earthquakes and Planning 359**


Chapter 19 **Correlation Between Geology, Earthquake and Urban Planning 417**  Sule Tudes

VI Contents

Chapter 9 **Radon as an Earthquake Precursor –**

Chapter 10 **Changes in Apparent Resistivity in** 

Konstantinos Eftaxias

Nuray Balkis

Chapter 12 **The Effect of Marmara (Izmit) Earthquake**

**of Izmit Bay, Turkey 247**

**Part 3 Earthquake Observatories 273** 

Samvel G. Gevorgyan

Xinwu Li and Lu Zhang

Chapter 16 **Fibre-Optic Sagnac Interferometer**

**of Rotational Events 335**

and Krzysztof P. Teisseyre

**Part 4 Earthquakes and Planning 359** 

Chapter 17 **Experience with Restoration of Asia Pacific**

Yasuichi Kitamura, Youngseok Lee, Ryo Sakiyama and Koji Okamura

Chapter 18 **Earthquake Induced a Chain Disasters 383** 

Drago Torkar and Janja Vaupotič

**Methods for Detecting Anomalies 179**  Asta Gregorič, Boris Zmazek, Sašo Džeroski,

Liu Jun, Chen Junying and Tan Dacheng

Chapter 11 **Are There Pre-Seismic Electromagnetic Precursors? A Multidisciplinary Approach 217**

**Enrichment in the Lower Layer Water**

Chapter 13 **Newly-Proposed Methods for Early Detection of** 

Chapter 15 **Earthquake Observation by Social Sensors 313**  Takeshi Sakaki and Yutaka Matsuo

**as Seismograph for Direct Monitoring** 

Leszek R. Jaroszewicz, Zbigniew Krajewski

**Network Failures from Taiwan Earthquake 361** 

Guangqi Chen, Yange Li, Yingbin Zhang and Jian Wu

Chapter 14 **Earth Observation for Earthquake Disaster Monitoring and Assessment 293**  Huadong Guo, Liangyun Liu, Xiangtao Fan,

**on the Chemical Oceanography and Mangan** 

**Incoming Earthquakes, Tsunamis & Tidal Motion 275** 

**the Late Preparation Stages of Strong Earthquakes 197**  Du Xuebin, An Zhanghui, Yan Rui, Ye Qing, Fan Yingying,

#### Chapter 20 **Simulating Collective Behavior in Natural Disaster Situations: A Multi-Agent Approach 435**  Robson dos Santos França, Maria das Graças B. Marietto, Margarethe Born Steinberger and Nizam Omar

Preface

Theoretical studies on earthquakes as well as practical applications are really important in order to define the assessment of seismic hazard and risk in a particular area. This is probably the most important contribution of seismology to society. Recent earthquakes have shown the inadequacy of a massive portion of the buildings erected in and around the epicentral areas, therefore research on earthquakes became more and more important. Up to date the scientific community agrees that the earthquake prediction is not possible. In fact, scientists cannot predict the exact location, magnitude and time of an earthquake striking a particular area. Scientists still do not know many of the details of the physical processes involved in earthquakes and they remain unpredictable. However, several scientists are working on earthquake

Chapters in this book will be devoted to various aspects of earthquake research and analysis, from theoretical advances to practical applications. The first two chapters are dedicated to statistical studies. About ten chapters in section II focus on studies about earthquake precursors and forecasting. Some chapters propose new methods for early detection, as well as the earthquake observation through the use of social sensors. The last section presents nice contributions that aim to link earthquakes and disaster triggered in the area struck by a large. The last chapter presents a study on simulating

I would like to express my special thanks to Mr. Igor Babic, Ms Ivana Lorkovic, and Ms Ivana Zec. Last but not least, I would like to thank the whole staff of InTech - Open Access Publisher, especially Mr Igor Babic, for their professional assistance and technical

> **Sebastiano D'Amico**  Research Officer III Physics Department University of Malta

> > Malta

support during all the process steps that have led to the realization of this book.

precursors and forecasting studies and this represent a big challenge.

collective behavior during natural disasters.
