**Earthquake Induced a Chain Disasters**

Guangqi Chen, Yange Li, Yingbin Zhang and Jian Wu *Kyushu University Japan* 

#### **1. Introduction**

382 Earthquake Research and Analysis – Statistical Studies, Observations and Planning

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en1.html

Singapore, June 2006

A strong earthquake not only cause directly damage on constructs but also can result in a series of natural disasters such as landslide, debris flow and flooding. These secondary disasters occurs as a chain disasters as shown in Fig. 1. A strong earthquake can induce a large amount of landslides. And then, a large scale landslide can create a landslide dam when its debris fill into and stop a river. The water impounded by a landslide dam may create a dam reservoir (lake). While the dam is being filled, the surrounding groundwater level rises and causes back-flooding (upstream flooding). And because of its rather loose nature and absence of controlled spillway, a landslide dam is easy to fail catastrophically

Fig. 1. The disasters chain induced by an earthquake

Earthquake Induced a Chain Disasters 385

Fig. 2. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, LMSF and aftershocks. (modified from United States

The earthquake occurred in a mountainous region, where the geological and topographical features and climate conditions are very complex. The response to the ground shock was very strong. The recorded peak ground acceleration of local site reached to 2.0g (Huang et al., 2011b). Because of the complex terrain and climate conditions, the quake induced as many as 56,000 landslides (Dai et al., 2011). It is estimated that over one third of the total lost from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was caused by the earthquake induced landslides. Therefore, the secondary chain disaster induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is much

Geological Survey [USGS], 2008)

**2.2 The landslides induced by the earthquake** 

more serious than the 1976 Tangshan earthquake.

and lead to debris flow or downstream flooding. Also, since the landslide debris can be removed into a valley or a ravine by excessive precipitation, it is easy to form debris flow, and then create a debris dam sometimes.

In this chapter, we take the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms=8.0) as an example to discuss the earthquake induced chain disasters. The characteristics of the earthquake induced landslides are summarized including the discussion of the landslide dams. A landslide susceptibility analysis is carried out and a possible long run-out mechanism is proposed for the study. The characteristics of the debris flows arising from the earthquake are summarized. An approach of simulating debris flow is proposed for predicting the movement behaviours of potential debris flow arising from earthquake. A practical simulation is carried out for verifying the approach.
