**4.3.1 Disaggregating consumption of sectors**

### **4.3.1.1 Residential water use**

According to earlier calculations in this section water use per capita in Amman was estimated at 106 liters/day.


Table 5. Indoor water consumption by end use

Understanding how the customer uses water is important to understanding how where to get conservation savings. End use information – that is, information about water flow at each specific point that the customer uses water – is important not only to analyzing conservation potential, but also to forecasting increases in water demand in the future.

No data exists of exact measures of water use services in Amman. To develop basis of estimate for water use services, prior studies in Ammam, and the results of a model developed by Rosenberg (personal contacts) were used. This model of household water use

Water Soft Path Analysis – Jordan Case 309

Thus, gross municipal demand figures were based on a physical loss reduction program

The desired future for scenario one will be based on the assumption that Amman water requirements will be met with no need for extra water supplies than what is available in the year 2005. In order to maintain the water services at the same level, programs need to be designed to account for the difference of an average a per capita water use of 106 liters per capita per day (lpcd) at 2005 and 67 lpcd at 2030. This amounts to a total of 52,296,750 m3 for a population of Amman of 3665483 at 2030. Details of this scenario were presented in section

The desired future for scenario two will be based on the assumption that Amman per capita water use will be the same as it was in the year 2005 that is 106 lpcd. In this Scenario, the assumption will be that the water requirement in 2030 will be 135 lpcd that is a total of 196,475,459 m3 and to supplement this difference a soft path several need to be developed.

The desired future for this scenario will be based on maintaining a water supply at the same level as 2005. Residential water use will be maintained at 105,379,575 m3 through the planning horizon, but the water services will be kept at the same level of having 135 litre/cap/day. To make this possible, a soft path will be developed to provide the additional 102,776,076 m3 to reach the level 208,155,650 m3 necessary for a water use of 135 lpcd and a

To be able to provide the per capita use of 67 l per capita per day at 2030 and be able to provide the same water services at the current level of 106 l/capita/day of 2005, the following programs need to be implemented at the residential sector. These programs will save a total of 61,871,482 m3 which is the difference between the projected gross residential use for scenario one of 105,379,575 m3 and the projected gross residential water use of 167,251,057 m3 if the water use will be maintained at 106 litre/capita/day. Savings are mainly based on savings from end uses summed across the total population according to the following assumptions as in Table 8. The programs include: retrofitting 50 % of the toilets, retrofitting 50% of the showerheads, retrofitting 50 % of kitchen and bath faucets, finding

Governorate 2005 2010 2015 2020 Amman 28 22 18 15

through systematic network rehabilitation program as presented in Table 7.

Table 7. Physical losses per Governorate Assumption (%)

**4.5 Step 3: Establish a desired future condition** 

Details of this scenario were presented in section 4.1.3.

population of Amman of 3665483 in 2030**.** 

**4.6 Step 4: Analyze water quantity and quality** 

**4.5.1 Scenario one** 

**4.5.2 Scenario two** 

**4.5.3 Scenario three** 

**4.6.1 Scenario one** 

4.1.2.

was based on a survey; questionnaire; and data of billed water use. The resultant analysis found the following percentages of various end use consumption for an average household.

The disaggregating here is a useful indicator of water use. Toilets, faucets and showers are according to Table 5 have the highest end uses in the household – 71.8% overall – and therefore represent clear conservation program opportunities. Residential water are estimated below are for an averages household. Water used here is only potable.
