**4.7 Step 5: Review water supply options**

### **4.7.1 Current water supplies**

### **Groundwater resources**

The estimated safe yield of renewable water resources in Amman governorate is in the order of 34 MCM/a. About 63 MCM is being abstracted from potential aquifers in the governorate (2005). Ground water quality in the area is generally good to fair quality (Total Dissolved solids (TDS) is in the range 500-1000 gm/l).

Deterioration of groundwater quality is vulnerable along the Seil region where some of the industrial waste is being disposed and as a result of the overdraft conditions that have been experienced in the governorate.

### **Groundwater resources from other governorate**

Groundwater Resources From other Governorate are transported through pipelines to Amman Governorate from well fields in wadi Wala- Heidan (Madab Governorate), Katraneh and Lajoun (Karak Governorate) and Azraq and Corridor (Zarqa Governorate)

### **Surface water resources**

Surface water resources in the Governorate are limited to rainfall/runoff in wadi Swaqa and al Botum. In addition, to Ras el Ain and Wadi Sir spring flows. The total potential of surface resources is estimated at about 7.4 MCM. Currently most of this is used for municipal purposes and the rest is used for irrigation.

### **External surface water resources**

External surface water supplies is being conveyed to the Governorate from Yarmouk river via King Abdulla Canal/Dier Alla intake. About 60.3MCM of water supplies have been conveyed to Amman. The Deir Alla Zai Coveyor has the capacity of 90/a MCM.

### **Non conventional water resources**

### **Wastewater**

There are two existing treatments plants in Amman, Au Nsier and Wadi Sir.


Water Soft Path Analysis – Jordan Case 315

WW Effluent

The water requirements could be met by reducing the groundwater pumping to the safe yield of 34 MCM/year. Irrigation from ground water shall be reduced and supplemented by irrigation from reclaimed water. For Scenario One and Three water supplied and Zai and Zara Main are of critical importance and these sources need to be used to the fullest extent possible. However, for Scenario 2, meeting the water requirement will need additional

In Step 3 the desired future has been identified as scenario one or two scenario three; in Step 4 ways to make that future work were identified; and in Step 5 supply constraints where defined. In this step we need to explain how to get to that future. Each option need to be checked to see whether it seems economically feasible, socially acceptable and politically

The last step in soft path analysis, but can be considered the most important, is to get those conclusions to the public and especially to people who influence and make key decisions about fresh water. Considerable efforts should be put into promoting water soft path results.

The traditional approach to water supply led to enormous benefits. The history of human civilization is intertwined with the history of the ways humans have learned to manipulate and use water resources. The earliest agricultural communities arose where crops could be grown with dependable rainfall and perennial rivers. Irrigation canals permitted greater crop production and longer growing seasons in dry areas, and sewer systems fostered larger

During the industrial revolution and population explosion of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the demand for water rose dramatically. Unprecedented construction of tens of thousands of monumental engineering projects designed to control floods, protect clean water supplies, and provide water for irrigation or hydropower brought great benefits to hundreds of millions of people. On the other hand, half the world's population still suffers with water services inferior to those available to the ancient Greeks and Romans. According

2030 160.18 10 34 16.18 --- 60 40 -----

Local Sources (MCM) Possible Available Sources (MCM)

Disi Zai Zara

Main

From Other Governorates

**4.7.4 Water supply options for scenario three** 

Water

water that can be only provided by Disi Project.

**4.9 Step 7: Write, talk and promote** 

population centers (Gliek, 2002)

Ground-Water

Year

Total Demand MCM

**4.7.5 Summary** 

**4.8 Step 6: Backcast** 

achievable

**5. Conclusion** 

Surface

In addition to a small wastewater treatment plant at Queen Alia Airport.

The effluent of Abu Nsseir Wastewater Treatment Plan was about 2240.3 m3/day in 2005 and is currently used for landscaping of the medians adjacent to the treatment plant, while the effluent of Wadi al Sir was 2762 m3/day in 2005.

WAJ is developing three new wastewater treatment plants:


### **Zara main project**

Zara Main desalinated brackish water project, can make about 40 MCM of water available to Amman by the end of 2006.

## **Disi project**

This project includes raising of water from an aquifer in the Disi-Mudawarra area in the south of Jordan and the conveyance of the water to the greater Amman area, a distance of approximately 325 kilometers. The conveyance system will have a capacity of transporting 100 MCM water per year. This project is currently under tendering.



### **4.7.3 Water supply options for scenario two**



### **4.7.4 Water supply options for scenario three**
