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**11** 

*Nanjing China* 

**Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) on Leaf** 

Photosynthesis is the basis of fruit growth and development. The higher photosynthetic efficiency of tree leaves, the more photosynthate is accumulated, which is beneficial to tree growth, root development, flower bud initialization, and the ultimate guarantee of quality

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a key precursor of all porphyrin compounds, such as chlorophyll (Chl), heme, and phytochrome (von Wettstein et al., 1995). Exogenous application of ALA at low concentrations was found to promote growth and yield of several crops and vegetables (Hotta et al., 1997a). It also improved chlorophyll content and gas exchange capacity of melon seedlings under low light and chilling conditions (Wang et al., 2004), increased CO2 fixation in the light, and suppressed the release of CO2 in darkness (Hotta et al., 1997a), and promoted salt tolerance of cotton plants by manipulating the Na+ uptake (Watanabe et al., 2000). ALA-based fertilizer also enhanced the photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance in spinach and date palm seedlings under salinity (Nishihara et al., 2003; Youssef and Awad, 2008). However when the plant was treated with exogenous ALA at high concentrations (such as ≥1000 mg/L), it was assumed that the induced chlorophyll intermediate accumulation acted as a photosensitizer for the formation of 1O2, triggering photodynamic damage in ALA-treated plants (Chakrabory et al., 1992). Thus, ALA could be used as a natural

ALA has been suggested to be a new natural and environmental friendly regulator, which can be widely used in agriculture (Wang et al., 2003). However, whether it can be used in woody trees such as pear has not been reported, and the mechanisms of ALA regulation on plant growth have not yet been elucidated. In the work, we found ALA promotion on pear photosynthesis might be related with the increase of antioxidant enzyme activities, and well as H2O2, which might act as signaling molecules involved in the regulation

**1. Introduction** 

and yield of fruits.

bioherbicide.

process.

**Diurnal Photosynthetic Characteristics** 

**and Antioxidant Activity in Pear** 

 Ming Shen, Zhi Ping Zhang and Liang Ju Wang *College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University,* 

**(***Pyrus Pyrifolia* **Nakai)** 

