**7. Conclusion**

304 Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources

el,AANGHGIFA GHG = Annual GHG emission reductions using the annual average emission

Generated = Hourly electricity generated by renewable technology for test case el,hourly

el,TDVNGHGIFA GHG = Annual GHG emission reductions using the seasonal time dependent

Generated = Hourly electricity generated by renewable technology for test case el,hourly

TDVNGHGIFA = Seasonal Time Dependent Valuation New Greenhouse Gas Intensity

el,TDVNGHGIFA GHG = Annual GHG emission reductions using the monthly time dependent

Generated = Hourly electricity generated by renewable technology for test case el,hourly

TDVNGHGIFA = Monthly Time Dependent Valuation New Greenhouse Gas Intensity

Table 7 summarizes the total emission reduction results from PV by using the different emission factors. The upper and lower limits of CO2 reductions were obtained by using the seasonal TDV and annual average emission factors, respectively. It should be noted that the new monthly TDV emission factors resulted in an emission reduction potential very close to

Seasonal Average 1727 -6.97 Annual Average 1716 -7.54 Seasonal TDV 1974 6.36 Monthly TDV 1854 -0.12

valuation new greenhouse gas intensity factor (g CO2/kWh)

valuation new greenhouse gas intensity factor (g CO2/kWh)

**Emission Factor Type Emission Reduction** 

Hourly 1856

Table 7. Emission reduction potential comparison for test case study

el,TDVNGHGIFA GHG = Generated TDVNGHGIF el,hourly <sup>A</sup> (9)

el,TDVNGHGIFA GHG = Generated TDVNGHGIF el,hourly <sup>A</sup> (10)

**Potential (kg of CO2) % Difference** 

AANGHGIFA = Annual Average New Greenhouse Gas Intensity Factor (g CO2/kWh)

Where,

Where,

Where,

house (kWh)

Factor (g CO2/kWh)

that of using hourly emission factors.

house (kWh)

Factor (g CO2/kWh)

factor (g of CO2)

house (kWh)

Several emission factors were developed for the years 2004, 2005, and 2006. The hourly emission factor proved to be the most accurate. In addition, depending on the type of analysis conducted it might be practical but not as accurate to employ seasonal, time dependent valuation, or annual averages emission factors to estimate CO2 emissions. It was observed that TDV and seasonal average emission factors were more accurate than using the annual average value. It should also be mentioned, that monthly TDV emission factors proved to be as accurate as using hourly values. The use of hourly emission factors to accurately estimate the potential reduction of renewable technologies should be incorporated in all renewable technology assesments.
