**9. Human ecology for a sustained renewable energy and grid IT resource network exploitation**

To overcome the *Tragedy of Systems Complexity* and the *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons* together with the base tragedies of the latter, the *Tragedy of Autopoietic Social Subsystems* as well as the *Tragedy of Security/Risk/Profit Psychology* in the renewable energy and grid IT sectors a systemic approach on the technical level combined with an approach to tackle the micro and macro social levels is crucial to reach *Sustained Renewability* in these and in principle generically any exploitation sector. The basis of all these is the level of complexity in the corresponding areas leading to the heart of the matter – responsibility diffusion. For this the inter- and transdisciplinary field of *Human Ecology* (Egger, 1992, 1996, 2004; Bruckmeier & Serbser, 2008) gives a framework for their combination, followed by understanding and approaching direct guidelines for the management of renewable energy and grid IT resources. I.e. *Human Ecology* embeds the technical systemic solutions with a systemic approach on the micro and macro level of societies. *Human Ecology* was developed originally by Robert Park (1864-1944) and Ernest Burgess (1886-1966) and evolved in Chicago in the 1920's in close connection to the field of city development. Here complex questions and challenges arose, ranging from e.g. i) fundamental technical questions of how to structure a city in terms of spatial use, transport of the basic supplies as energy and water, and the removal of waste, ii) of how to structure and organize social needs from governmental services and schools to commercial shopping malls to economic entities for production, as well as iii) cultural issues as how to plan a modern human city which allows everybody to achieve a fair share of the pursuit of happiness, whether one belonged to the poor or the wealthy part of society. By analysing the different stakeholders playing the fundamental roles there, the complex system challenges appearing were abstracted on the social level, since this was seen as the main issue of the – at that time – not yet in detail defined and worked out *Tragedy of the Commons*. Thus, *Human Ecology* classically deals with the complex interplay between i) the individual, ii) the society, and iii) the environment, which usually is symbolized in the so called *Human Ecology* triangle. This triangle is the paper tool representation and believed to be the core of the complex interplay factors in society. The framework has been used to investigate many a complex mankind related challenges as e.g. the exponential demand growth until reaching a limit, its inherent property of life and evolution, as well as waste and pollution related issues, i.e. in principle all the above mentioned tragedies. Obviously, these sustainability questions beyond the materialistic world are found on all evolutionary levels up to the psychological, societal and cultural one and involve also every cause for exponential growth, which is the major reason for reaching the natural unchangeable and thus unavoidable limits extremely fast.

Already, the *Tragedy of the Systemic Complexity* on the technical level shows that this rationalization and projection to three major constituents needs at least to be extended by a systemic approach on the technical level or better, the technical systemic approach must be embedded within the triangle. Beyond, the detailed analysis of the generic organization of the fossil and renewable energy as well as grid and cloud IT infrastructures proposed a micro and a macro level. Thus additionally, the detailed dissection of the *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons* by investigating the *Tragedy of Autopoietic Social Subsystems* and the *Tragedy of Security/Risk/Profit Psychology*, proposes the extension of the classical *Human Ecology* triangle to a rectangle consisting of: i) invironment, ii) individual, iii) society, and iv) environment

Sustained Renewability: Approached by Systems Theory and Human Ecology 41

**Society**

**Systemic**

**Development**

**Individual**

Fig. 4. The *Human Ecology* rectangle describes the relation between the invironment

society, and the environment but not the invironment. The invironment and the

(Innenwelt), the individual, the society, and the environment (Umwelt). It is the extension of the incomplete classical *Human Ecology* triangle, which consists only of the individual, the

environment as well as the individual and the society are complementary pairs spanning a field between them. The invironment thereby constitutes the Innenwelt, the individual forms society, to the individual society gets a general environment as the invironment constitutes much of the society. Within the rectangle on each level the systemic aspects of each system and development thereof need to be encountered. To handle the invironment and the environment a canon of their micro and macro constituents and system properties is

systemic ecology like manner. Consequently, *Sustained Renewability* can be fundamentally defined according to the most fundamental and classic definition of the classic (biogene)

**Invironment (Innenwelt)**

ecology (Haeckel, 1866, 1898; Knoch, 2009, 2010):

**A canon of the fundamental**

necessary.

**micro constituence**

**and**

**system properties.**

**Environment (Umwelt)**

**A canon of the fundamental**

**macro constituence**

**and**

**system properties.**

(Fig. 4). Consequently, here the invironment is added, since it is the core on which the individual is based or in other terms, due to the presence of the irrational part of the individual in respect to its security/risk/profit psychology, the latter can also be accounted for. Thus, the *Human Ecology* rectangle describes the relation between the invironment (Innenwelt), the individual, the society and the environment (Umwelt). The invironment and the environment as well as the individual and the society are complementary pairs and create a field. The invironment thereby constitutes the Innenwelt, the individual forms society, the individual society creates an environment as the invironment constitutes much of the society. And consequently, the rectangle reflects the micro level (invironment and individual) and the macro level (society and environment) correctly, or in retrospect the micro and macro level constitute each half of the *Human Ecology* rectangle. This fits the field of the *Classic* and *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons*, with its under-used potentials and overused resources, i.e. means that both can be correspondingly overlaid and connections can be made accordingly. Consequently, the invironment is the missing link to reach systemic completeness of *Human Ecology*, and thus round it up to its full power in terms of usability concerning the management of systemic challenges as put forward by the renewable and grid IT challenges on a practical level. That means that the *Tragedy of Autopoietic Social Subsystems* as well as the *Tragedy of Security/Risk/Profit Psychology* which are the heart of the *Classic* and *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons* can not only be wrapped in a systemic framework which is complete in its constituents, but moreover, that this framework now can be really applied to the solution of the *Classic* and *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons* much better then with the *Human Ecology* triangle alone. This is important since without such a systemic framework and the internalized knowledge always perceived paradoxes will appear, which cannot be understood and thus cannot be resolved adequately on the level required. To reach its full power also in respect to the *Tragedy of the Systemic Complexity* on the technical level, additionally, now this needs to be extended again by a systemic approach on the technical level or better, the systemic approach must be embedded within the rectangle again, since without this technical level the complete system of technology, micro and macro level would again be not complete. Now this means nothing else than that the complete system of technical development and implementation has to be considered as well as the security/risk/profit psychology of the individual with its invironment and the autopoietic subsystem organization of society with its environment. On first sight this insight to take a holistic viewpoint and make that the basis for solving the issues involved with the renewable energy, grid IT or any other complex exploitation network seems natural and in principle is completely obvious – actually not even be worth thinking about. However, the fundamental issues and challenges faced in exploitation networks to be implemented to reach *Sustained Renewability*, i.e. to solve the problems of resource network limitations and thus to overcome the fundamental limits of energetic and material consumption growth reaching carrying capacity limits by the classic approach, are obviously there and demand urgent solutions in respect to the urge of the problems involved if nothing substantial is changed. Thus, the pure existence of the climate challenge shows the importance of a *Sustained Renewability* approach which overcomes the technical *Tragedy of Systemic Complexity* and the *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons*, in which resources are not unsustainably overexploited but in contrast used in a *Sustained Renewability* way holistically integrating the i) technical resource exploitation networks and ii) all the autopoietic social subsystems on a macro level as well as the psychology of individuals on the micro level, in an holistically

(Fig. 4). Consequently, here the invironment is added, since it is the core on which the individual is based or in other terms, due to the presence of the irrational part of the individual in respect to its security/risk/profit psychology, the latter can also be accounted for. Thus, the *Human Ecology* rectangle describes the relation between the invironment (Innenwelt), the individual, the society and the environment (Umwelt). The invironment and the environment as well as the individual and the society are complementary pairs and create a field. The invironment thereby constitutes the Innenwelt, the individual forms society, the individual society creates an environment as the invironment constitutes much of the society. And consequently, the rectangle reflects the micro level (invironment and individual) and the macro level (society and environment) correctly, or in retrospect the micro and macro level constitute each half of the *Human Ecology* rectangle. This fits the field of the *Classic* and *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons*, with its under-used potentials and overused resources, i.e. means that both can be correspondingly overlaid and connections can be made accordingly. Consequently, the invironment is the missing link to reach systemic completeness of *Human Ecology*, and thus round it up to its full power in terms of usability concerning the management of systemic challenges as put forward by the renewable and grid IT challenges on a practical level. That means that the *Tragedy of Autopoietic Social Subsystems* as well as the *Tragedy of Security/Risk/Profit Psychology* which are the heart of the *Classic* and *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons* can not only be wrapped in a systemic framework which is complete in its constituents, but moreover, that this framework now can be really applied to the solution of the *Classic* and *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons* much better then with the *Human Ecology* triangle alone. This is important since without such a systemic framework and the internalized knowledge always perceived paradoxes will appear, which cannot be understood and thus cannot be resolved adequately on the level required. To reach its full power also in respect to the *Tragedy of the Systemic Complexity* on the technical level, additionally, now this needs to be extended again by a systemic approach on the technical level or better, the systemic approach must be embedded within the rectangle again, since without this technical level the complete system of technology, micro and macro level would again be not complete. Now this means nothing else than that the complete system of technical development and implementation has to be considered as well as the security/risk/profit psychology of the individual with its invironment and the autopoietic subsystem organization of society with its environment. On first sight this insight to take a holistic viewpoint and make that the basis for solving the issues involved with the renewable energy, grid IT or any other complex exploitation network seems natural and in principle is completely obvious – actually not even be worth thinking about. However, the fundamental issues and challenges faced in exploitation networks to be implemented to reach *Sustained Renewability*, i.e. to solve the problems of resource network limitations and thus to overcome the fundamental limits of energetic and material consumption growth reaching carrying capacity limits by the classic approach, are obviously there and demand urgent solutions in respect to the urge of the problems involved if nothing substantial is changed. Thus, the pure existence of the climate challenge shows the importance of a *Sustained Renewability* approach which overcomes the technical *Tragedy of Systemic Complexity* and the *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons*, in which resources are not unsustainably overexploited but in contrast used in a *Sustained Renewability* way holistically integrating the i) technical resource exploitation networks and ii) all the autopoietic social subsystems on a macro level as well as the psychology of individuals on the micro level, in an holistically

Fig. 4. The *Human Ecology* rectangle describes the relation between the invironment (Innenwelt), the individual, the society, and the environment (Umwelt). It is the extension of the incomplete classical *Human Ecology* triangle, which consists only of the individual, the society, and the environment but not the invironment. The invironment and the environment as well as the individual and the society are complementary pairs spanning a field between them. The invironment thereby constitutes the Innenwelt, the individual forms society, to the individual society gets a general environment as the invironment constitutes much of the society. Within the rectangle on each level the systemic aspects of each system and development thereof need to be encountered. To handle the invironment and the environment a canon of their micro and macro constituents and system properties is necessary.

systemic ecology like manner. Consequently, *Sustained Renewability* can be fundamentally defined according to the most fundamental and classic definition of the classic (biogene) ecology (Haeckel, 1866, 1898; Knoch, 2009, 2010):

Sustained Renewability: Approached by Systems Theory and Human Ecology 43

exploitation chain. Thus, an exploitation network makes naturally the situation tremendously more complex than just a complex exploitation chain due to the number of i) non-linear, ii) nested, and thus in the end iii) exponentially recursively linked interactions of these components since they are even higher, more complex, and more dependent on each other. Especially the recursive dependence on the primary exploitation chain by the secondary, i.e. that also the secondary exploitation chains nested on each of the primary exploitation chain levels need e.g. energy or IT resources to be able to function, is here the main driver of complexity increase. The influence is now not only non-linear but also adds many an exponential interaction, which can in- or decrease the importance of a small tiny factor somewhere in the exploitation network enormously. Consequently, for a highly efficient exploitation of such networks, all single steps have to be optimized in a systemic manner to guaranty a careful exploitation of the primary and all other involved resources. Actually the exploitation network becomes now also a general resource network. This has huge consequences for the implementation of a highly systemic exploitation network by individuals and society, since all individual components have to be optimized themselves with respect to all other components as well as the complete complex hyper systemic exploitation network. Therefore, the classic reductionistic approach is unavoidable as long as it finally ends in a holistically reintegrated systemic result. Consequently, for a highly efficient energy and IT resource exploitation this is the vital core of *Sustained Renewability*, since only then also primary renewable resources are not compromised by the limits and since only then enough resources will be – on human time scales – always be available to exploit this primary resource and thus sustain its exploitation. Thus, the technical level

Beyond, the organizational architecture analysis of renewable energy and grid IT infrastructures as well as their management shows that there are four levels of stake-holders involved: i) users, ii) organizing broker organizations, iii) producer or provider organizations, and iv) individual producers or providers. That is a much more complicated than the integrated production in chemical industry, since here one has a large spatial and cultural coverage in contrast to the "internal" situation of one single company. There is also a big difference to sophisticated agro-forestry systems as e.g. those in Indonesia, since these systems had a huge temporal time span for development. Although they involve in principle the entire society, the decisions are still taken by the single farmer and community despite their a posteriori internalization in tradition and cultural rules. Abstraction of the four levels involved in grid infrastructures leads to a micro level from which a macro level emerges, having again an influence on the micro level and vice versa. The micro level is constituted by an invironment and the macro level creates an environment, which already constitutes the *Human Ecology* rectangle as was shown. Consequently, here from the pure theoretical viewpoint not only complete consistency was reached proving the validity of the arguments, but also access to a "tool box" was gained to be used successfully for complex internalization issues. This is important for generalization and for justification of the thereof derived management measures. Beyond, the fact that renewable and grid IT resources are completely underused attributes to the phenomenon of the *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons*, i.e. that the resources are not overexploited unsustainably until their destruction. Together with the finding of the micro and macro level in the organization of grid organizations which plays the important role in both the *Classic* and *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons* lead to

requires a holistic systemic approach for *Sustained Renewability*.

*The Definition of Sustained Renewability and thus the Combination of Technical Systemic Theory with Human Ecology:* 

*"Under Sustained Renewability, i.e. Technical Systemic Human Ecology, we understand the complete science of the relationships of Sustained Renewability to the surrounding environment to which we can count all conditions of existence in the widest sense."* 

*(Sustained Renewability is)... the relationship between the technical system complexity and all micro/macro constituents of Human Ecology."* 

### **10. Sustained renewability by systemic theory and human ecology means**

Without doubt both the growth of the world population and the ever-new technologies emerging from R&D – both creating ever higher needs as well as expectations – also the energy and information amount to be acquired, stored, transformed, and finally used is exponentially growing and due to the classic reductionist approach reaching the fundamental limits and due to pollution also the carrying capacity of earth. Nevertheless, it is also obvious that there are huge renewable energy and grid IT resources available as in most other resource networks, concerning technical production or any social level. This results in many opportunities of which most, however, are not realized, i.e. introduced and internalized into society. In contrast, ever more resources are said to be required but believed to be at their limit and thus already unavailable for further exploitation. Especially in the energy and IT sector the demand still grows exponentially and is satisfied still with antiquated solutions. Although exponential growth inevitably will lead to limits sooner or later, there seems to be also many an opportunity to sustainably manage resources on very long time scales. Thus, clever resource management can increase the efficiency tremendously and in consequence avoid limiting barriers as e.g. integrated chemical production or sophisticated agro-forestry systems show. Renewable energy and grid IT infrastructures are believed to be such solutions which exploit under-used and available resources by a *Systemic Renewability* approach, which in principle is based on a simple holistic systemic analysis of the technical systemic complexity combined with a *Human Ecology* approach. Both have in common that their technological turnover rates are faster than in classic dinosaur approaches, although especially the grid IT sector with its fast technological turnover rates, however, allows to bring innovation opportunities very fast to the market and thereby increase the efficiency from the resource to usage tremendously. This could results on the one hand in lower investments into infrastructure, which obviously would provoke large resistance by the producing industry, or on the other hand results in a much higher output and thus return of investment made by society in these infrastructures, which would give a big "present" with only minor further investment to society as a whole. Nevertheless, it remains a big issue despite all the efforts of the renewable, the grid IT, and any other resource exploitation sector, why the obvious huge benefits of much higher resource exploitation network efficiencies is so hard to internalize into societies despite its crystal clear benefits concerning the fundamental limits of resource exploitation, carrying capacities as well as economic, social and cultural benefits already in the short but even much more so in the long term.

The *Tragedy of the Systemic Complexity* shows already what complex exploitation networks mean, since in reality a complex network of resources and exploitation based on the availability of the same and other resources exist instead of a nevertheless complex

*The Definition of Sustained Renewability and thus the Combination of Technical Systemic Theory with Human Ecology: "Under Sustained Renewability, i.e. Technical Systemic Human Ecology, we understand the complete science of the relationships of Sustained Renewability to the surrounding environment to which we can count all conditions of existence in the widest sense." (Sustained Renewability is)... the relationship between the technical system complexity and all micro/macro constituents of Human Ecology."* 

**10. Sustained renewability by systemic theory and human ecology means** 

the short but even much more so in the long term.

Without doubt both the growth of the world population and the ever-new technologies emerging from R&D – both creating ever higher needs as well as expectations – also the energy and information amount to be acquired, stored, transformed, and finally used is exponentially growing and due to the classic reductionist approach reaching the fundamental limits and due to pollution also the carrying capacity of earth. Nevertheless, it is also obvious that there are huge renewable energy and grid IT resources available as in most other resource networks, concerning technical production or any social level. This results in many opportunities of which most, however, are not realized, i.e. introduced and internalized into society. In contrast, ever more resources are said to be required but believed to be at their limit and thus already unavailable for further exploitation. Especially in the energy and IT sector the demand still grows exponentially and is satisfied still with antiquated solutions. Although exponential growth inevitably will lead to limits sooner or later, there seems to be also many an opportunity to sustainably manage resources on very long time scales. Thus, clever resource management can increase the efficiency tremendously and in consequence avoid limiting barriers as e.g. integrated chemical production or sophisticated agro-forestry systems show. Renewable energy and grid IT infrastructures are believed to be such solutions which exploit under-used and available resources by a *Systemic Renewability* approach, which in principle is based on a simple holistic systemic analysis of the technical systemic complexity combined with a *Human Ecology* approach. Both have in common that their technological turnover rates are faster than in classic dinosaur approaches, although especially the grid IT sector with its fast technological turnover rates, however, allows to bring innovation opportunities very fast to the market and thereby increase the efficiency from the resource to usage tremendously. This could results on the one hand in lower investments into infrastructure, which obviously would provoke large resistance by the producing industry, or on the other hand results in a much higher output and thus return of investment made by society in these infrastructures, which would give a big "present" with only minor further investment to society as a whole. Nevertheless, it remains a big issue despite all the efforts of the renewable, the grid IT, and any other resource exploitation sector, why the obvious huge benefits of much higher resource exploitation network efficiencies is so hard to internalize into societies despite its crystal clear benefits concerning the fundamental limits of resource exploitation, carrying capacities as well as economic, social and cultural benefits already in

The *Tragedy of the Systemic Complexity* shows already what complex exploitation networks mean, since in reality a complex network of resources and exploitation based on the availability of the same and other resources exist instead of a nevertheless complex exploitation chain. Thus, an exploitation network makes naturally the situation tremendously more complex than just a complex exploitation chain due to the number of i) non-linear, ii) nested, and thus in the end iii) exponentially recursively linked interactions of these components since they are even higher, more complex, and more dependent on each other. Especially the recursive dependence on the primary exploitation chain by the secondary, i.e. that also the secondary exploitation chains nested on each of the primary exploitation chain levels need e.g. energy or IT resources to be able to function, is here the main driver of complexity increase. The influence is now not only non-linear but also adds many an exponential interaction, which can in- or decrease the importance of a small tiny factor somewhere in the exploitation network enormously. Consequently, for a highly efficient exploitation of such networks, all single steps have to be optimized in a systemic manner to guaranty a careful exploitation of the primary and all other involved resources. Actually the exploitation network becomes now also a general resource network. This has huge consequences for the implementation of a highly systemic exploitation network by individuals and society, since all individual components have to be optimized themselves with respect to all other components as well as the complete complex hyper systemic exploitation network. Therefore, the classic reductionistic approach is unavoidable as long as it finally ends in a holistically reintegrated systemic result. Consequently, for a highly efficient energy and IT resource exploitation this is the vital core of *Sustained Renewability*, since only then also primary renewable resources are not compromised by the limits and since only then enough resources will be – on human time scales – always be available to exploit this primary resource and thus sustain its exploitation. Thus, the technical level requires a holistic systemic approach for *Sustained Renewability*.

Beyond, the organizational architecture analysis of renewable energy and grid IT infrastructures as well as their management shows that there are four levels of stake-holders involved: i) users, ii) organizing broker organizations, iii) producer or provider organizations, and iv) individual producers or providers. That is a much more complicated than the integrated production in chemical industry, since here one has a large spatial and cultural coverage in contrast to the "internal" situation of one single company. There is also a big difference to sophisticated agro-forestry systems as e.g. those in Indonesia, since these systems had a huge temporal time span for development. Although they involve in principle the entire society, the decisions are still taken by the single farmer and community despite their a posteriori internalization in tradition and cultural rules. Abstraction of the four levels involved in grid infrastructures leads to a micro level from which a macro level emerges, having again an influence on the micro level and vice versa. The micro level is constituted by an invironment and the macro level creates an environment, which already constitutes the *Human Ecology* rectangle as was shown. Consequently, here from the pure theoretical viewpoint not only complete consistency was reached proving the validity of the arguments, but also access to a "tool box" was gained to be used successfully for complex internalization issues. This is important for generalization and for justification of the thereof derived management measures. Beyond, the fact that renewable and grid IT resources are completely underused attributes to the phenomenon of the *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons*, i.e. that the resources are not overexploited unsustainably until their destruction. Together with the finding of the micro and macro level in the organization of grid organizations which plays the important role in both the *Classic* and *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons* lead to

Sustained Renewability: Approached by Systems Theory and Human Ecology 45

thereof derived management measures. To reach its full power also in respect to the *Tragedy of the Systemic Complexity* this needs to also embed a systemic approach on the technical level, since without this technical level the complete system of technology, micro and macro level would again be not complete. Now this means nothing else than that the complete system of technical development and implementation has to be considered as well as the security/risk/profit psychology of the individual with its invironment and the autopoietic subsystem organization of society with its environment. On first sight this insight to take a holistic viewpoint and make that the basis for solving the issues involved with the renewable energy, grid IT, or any other complex exploitation network seems natural and in principle completely obvious – actually not even to be worth thinking about. However, the fundamental issues and challenges faced in exploitation networks to be implemented to reach *Sustained Renewability*, i.e. to solve the problems of resource network limitations and thus to overcome the fundamental limits of energetic and material consumption growth reaching carrying capacity limits by the classic approach, are obviously there and demand urgent solutions in respect due to the urge of the problems involved if nothing substantial is changed. Thus, the pure existence of the climate challenge shows the importance of a *Sustained Renewability* approach, which is characterized by investigating all detailed factors involved for a certain resource and the challenges of an exploitation super-network can be overcome. Thus, then the technical Tragedy of Systemic Complexity and the *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons* can be overcome since resources are not unsustainably overexploited but used in a *Sustained Renewability* way by holistically integrating the i) technical resource exploitation networks and ii) all autopoietic social subsystems on a macro level as well as the psychology of individuals on the micro level, in an holistically systemic ecology like

The worldwide amount of energy and IT resources to sustain human life is – with the classic exploitation and usage strategies – fast reaching the limits and carrying capacity. Nevertheless, huge underused energy and IT resources are obviously available and often even renewable on a human scale. Therefore, the *Tragedy of Systemic Complexity* already on the technical level and the *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons* have to be overcome for the renewable energy as well as the grid IT sectors by combining solutions of the systemic resource and exploitation networks with solutions of all autopoietic social subsystems on a macro level as well as the psychology of individuals on the micro level, i.e. a technical systemic solution is combined with an extended *Human Ecology* paradigm. Thus, not only advanced underused resources can be implemented and internalized, but also *Sustained Renewability*, i.e. a long lasting resource exploitation and renewable cycles can be managed – for on human scales – large time spans with paradisiacal opportunities for the life on

K. Egger and V. Baumgärtner are thanked for the discussions, which have lead to this work. My parents W. Knoch and W. F. Knoch are thanked for their contributions and support as well as: F. G. Grosveld, A. Abuseiris, N. Kepper, the German and

manner – or in short in a *Sustained Renewability* approach.

**11. Conclusion** 

earth.

**12. Acknowledgements** 

responsibility diffusion and thus inefficient resource management. This, consequently, makes clear that the grid challenge concerning implementation and integration of grids lies in the social embedding of the micro and macro level phenomena: i) the attitude/socialisation based on the security/risk/profit psychology of the individual, and ii) the culture of the embedding institution and society based on the interaction of the autopoietic social subsystems. This is similar for the renewables as well as the grid IT sector and also has huge implications for any other complex resource exploitation network sector. Considering the macro level more in detail reveals that the autopoietic subsystems theory describes the social environment best. Unfortunately, the social subsystems i) religion, ii) education, iii) science, iv) art, v) economy, vi) jurisdiction, and vii) policy, have a more or less incompatible code of communication which leads to the *Tragedy of the Autopoietic Social Subsystems* and thus to large inconsistencies and blockings. Consequently, the challenge lies in the integration of autopoietic subsystems towards a working society on the micro and macro level by i) approaching the subsystem stickiness of individuals, and ii) the soft bridging of subsystems. In the daily work individuals have first to realize their own working and borders of their and other social subsystems. In a second step the possible bridges between social subsystems need to be realized and concrete ways to circumvent inherent blockings have to be explored to reach the level of a joined effort realization. On the micro level the security/risk/profit psychology matrix plays the major role since for the individual each internalization of a new technology is based on a positive relation between the security/risk/profit involved. Even for clear win-win situations the phenomenon of responsibility diffusion can appear. Since individuals have to balance constantly between the invironment and the environment, i.e. between psychology and social subsystems, there appears also a hard to tackle *Tragedy of the Security/Risk/Profit Psychology*. Consequently, the challenge on the micro and macro level are given by i) the individual perception and the individual well being, and ii) the procedural and institutionalized careful management. I.e. for the daily work that the individual need to rationalize its own behavioural background and invironmental constituency, and that institutions need to accept and develop the invironment of their employees as well as the psychological status of the environment they create. Thus, the creation of awareness might not change the individual but by team formation with different characters and corresponding procedures, the openness in an institutionalized form can increase the internalization of new technologies.

Consequently, to overcome the challenges put forward by the *Tragedy of the Systems Complexity*, and the *Classic* and *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons* with its base tragedies, the Tragedy of Autopoietic Social Subsystems and the *Tragedy of Security/Risk/Profit Psychology* in the renewable energy and grid IT sector, a *Sustained Renewability* approach in a holistic ecology-like manner combining the micro and macro level is crucial for in principle every resource and exploitation network. The interdisciplinary field of *Human Ecology* gives a framework also for the understanding and approaching of the *Classic* and *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons* for direct guidelines in the day-to-day management of grids as well as other areas and combine the above into a unified framework. Theoretically, the analysis carried out here showed that it is necessary to extent the classical *Human Ecology* triangle to a rectangle with i) the invironment ii) the individual, iii) the society, and iv) the environment. Thus, from the pure theoretical viewpoint, not only complete consistency was reached proving the validity of the arguments, but also access to a "tool box" – which has been used already successfully – was gained. This is important for generalization and justification of thereof derived management measures. To reach its full power also in respect to the *Tragedy of the Systemic Complexity* this needs to also embed a systemic approach on the technical level, since without this technical level the complete system of technology, micro and macro level would again be not complete. Now this means nothing else than that the complete system of technical development and implementation has to be considered as well as the security/risk/profit psychology of the individual with its invironment and the autopoietic subsystem organization of society with its environment. On first sight this insight to take a holistic viewpoint and make that the basis for solving the issues involved with the renewable energy, grid IT, or any other complex exploitation network seems natural and in principle completely obvious – actually not even to be worth thinking about. However, the fundamental issues and challenges faced in exploitation networks to be implemented to reach *Sustained Renewability*, i.e. to solve the problems of resource network limitations and thus to overcome the fundamental limits of energetic and material consumption growth reaching carrying capacity limits by the classic approach, are obviously there and demand urgent solutions in respect due to the urge of the problems involved if nothing substantial is changed. Thus, the pure existence of the climate challenge shows the importance of a *Sustained Renewability* approach, which is characterized by investigating all detailed factors involved for a certain resource and the challenges of an exploitation super-network can be overcome. Thus, then the technical Tragedy of Systemic Complexity and the *Inverse Tragedy of the Commons* can be overcome since resources are not unsustainably overexploited but used in a *Sustained Renewability* way by holistically integrating the i) technical resource exploitation networks and ii) all autopoietic social subsystems on a macro level as well as the psychology of individuals on the micro level, in an holistically systemic ecology like manner – or in short in a *Sustained Renewability* approach.
