**6.3 Seasonal time dependent valuation emission factors**

Seasonal TDV emission factors were also developed for the years 2004, 2005, and 2006 (Gordon & Fung, 2009) as shown in Table 4. Table A-2 and A-3 in Appendix A show the seasonal TDV emission factor profiles for 2004, 2005, and 2006. The following can be observed from Table 4:



Table 4. seasonal average TDV GHG emission factors

### **6.4 Monthly time dependent valuation emission factors**

Monthly TDV emission factors were developed for the years 2004, 2005, and 2006 as shown in Table 5. Table A-4 in Appendix A shows the monthly TDV emission factor profiles for 2004, 2005, and 2006. The following can be observed from Table 4:


This section discussed the different types of existing and new GHG emission factors for the years 2004, 2005, and 2006. The hourly emission factor proved to be the most accurate and monthly TDV were more accurate than using the seasonal average value.

However, it is the user's responsability to select the appropiate emission factor depending on the type of analysis conducted. In certain cases it might be more practical to employ seasonal, time dependent valuation (seasonal or monthly), or annual average emission factors to estimate CO2 emissions without sacrificing much accuracy.

Analysis of Time Dependent Valuation of Emission Factors from the Electricity Sector 303

PV

**Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec**

In order to calculate the CO2 emission reduction potential by PV, the hourly electricity data was multiplied by the different emission factors as defined in Equations 6, 7, 8, 9 (Gordon &

el,HNGHGIFA GHG Generated NHGHGIF el,hourly <sup>A</sup>

el,HNGHGIFA GHG Annual GHG emission reduction using the new hourly emission factor

Generated = Hourly electricity generated by renewable technology for test case el,hourly

el,SANGHGIFA GHG <sup>=</sup>Generated SANGHGIF el,hourly <sup>A</sup>

el,SANGHGIFA GHG = Annual GHG emission reductions using the seasonal average emission

Generated = Hourly electricity generated by renewable technology for test case el,hourly

el,AANGHGIFA GHG <sup>=</sup> Generated AANGHGIF el,hourly <sup>A</sup> (8)

SANGHGIFA = Seasonal Average New Greenhouse Gas Intensity Factor (g CO2/kWh)

NHGHGIFA = New Hourly Greenhouse Gas Intensity Factor (g CO2/kWh)

(6)

(7)

Fig. 1. Monthly electricity generated by PV for test-case study

0

Fung, 2009), and 10.

Where,

Where,

factor (g of CO2)

house (kWh)

(g of CO2)

house (kWh)

200

400

600

**Electricity Generated (kWh)**

800

1000

1200


Table 5. Monthly TDV average GHG emission factors
