**5. Overvoltage model and experimental validation**

By combining models obtained (diffusion phenomena/Storage, activation and input cell) and experimental measurements, we propose a simple and effective model of the battery voltage.

(R≈2.5 10-3 Ω, γ=400F, C0=2.3 104F, c=3.2 104F, r1=2.5 10-3 Ω, c1=Cx=5 105F, Rx=0.01 Ω)

Fig. 16. Overvoltage model of lead acid battery
