**5. Test case scenario**

The following test case provides an example on how the different GHG emission factors can be used to demonstrate the cyclic behaviour of emission factors througout the day, month, season, and year. In addtion, the test cases also show the beneficial attributes associated with renewable technologies.

Transient System Simulation Tool (TRANSYS) building energy simulation software can be used to perform highly complex thermal analysis, HVAC analysis and electrical power flow simulations.

Tse et al. (2008) performed simulations, using TRANSYS, which included the use of PV on the computational model for a townhouse that would be built in the Annex area in Toronto.

TRANSYS was used to simulate and help optimize the performance of the home, as well as the different systems that would be implemented. The systems that were analyzed consist of a solar domestic hot water system, a photovoltaic system (6.25 kW), and a ground source heat pump. Hourly annual simulations were run to demonstrate the potential electricity contribution and emission savings from PV. This data has been utilized in combination with the hourly, seasonal and monthly TDV emission factors discussed in the previous sections to estimate the reduction potential of GHG emissions by the use of PV technology.
