**Acknowledgement**

This research was financially supported by a grant from the Ministry for Education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors thank Dr. Mariya Kim for her assistance in carrying experimental studies.

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**Chapter 9** 

© 2012 Shim et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Shim et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Use of Polyurethane Foam in Orthopaedic** 

V. Shim, J. Boheme, C. Josten and I. Anderson

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/47953

**1. Introduction** 

**Biomechanical Experimentation and Simulation** 

Biomechanical experimentation and computer simulation have been the major tool for orthopaedic biomechanics research community for the past few decades. In validation experimentations of computer models as well as *in vitro* experimentations for joint biomechanics and implant testing, human cadaver bones have been the material of choice due to their close resemblance to the *in vivo* characteristics of bones. However, the challenges in using cadaveric bones such as availability, storage requirements, high cost and

There are a variety of synthetic bone materials available but polyurethane foam has been used more extensively in orthopaedic experiments, especially in fracture fixation testing. The foams are produced by a polymerization reaction with a simultaneous generation of carbon dioxide by the reaction of water and isocyanate. The resultant product is a closed cell structure, which is different from the open porosity of cancellous bone. However the uniformity and consistency in their material properties make rigid polyurethane ideal for

Therefore we have extensively used synthetic bones made of polyurethane foam in various orthopaedic biomechanical researches from optimization of bone graft harvester design to acetabular fractures and the stability of osteosynthesis. We identified important design parameters in developing bone graft harvester by performing orthogonal cutting experiment with polyurethane foam materials. We also validated the fracture prediction capability of our finite element (FE) model of the pelvis with a validation experiment with polyurethane foam pelvis. We also performed in vitro experimentation to compare the stability of different types of osteosynthesis in acetabular fractures and used this result again to validate our fracture fixed pelvis model. These results as well as reports from others that

possibility of infection have made synthetic bone analogs an attractive alternative.

comparative testing of various medical devices and implants.

