Contents

#### **Preface XIII**


X Contents


Contents VII

Chapter 19 **Polyglucanurethanes: Cross-Linked Polyurethanes**

Nataly Kozak and Anastasyia Hubina

**Palm Kernel Oil-Based Polyol 447** 

Chapter 20 **Biobased Polyurethane from** 

Khairiah Haji Badri

**Based on Microbial Exopolysaccharide Xanthan 431**


VI Contents

Chapter 8 **Polyurethane as Carriers of Antituberculosis Drugs 147** 

V. Shim, J. Boheme, C. Josten and I. Anderson

**Performance of the Improved Polyurethane Membranes for Medical Applications 201**  Maria Butnaru, Ovidiu Bredetean, Doina Macocinschi,

**Fuel Binder for Composite Solid Propellant 229** 

Abhay K. Mahanta and Devendra D. Pathak

**Determination of Total Bismuth (III) and**

Chapter 14 **Polyurethane Grouting Technologies 307**

**Paddings to Improve Passive Safety in Crashworthiness Applications 337**  Mariana Paulino and Filipe Teixeira-Dias

Chapter 15 **On the Use of Polyurethane Foam** 

Chapter 16 **Polyurethane Trickling Filter in** 

**Section 4 Bio-Based Polyurethanes 407** 

Chapter 18 **Seed Oil Based Polyurethanes: An Insight 409**

Ahmed Tawfik

Žiga Voršič

**(V) in Water by Procaine Hydrochloride Immobilized Polyurethane Foam Packed Column Prior to Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry 281**  M.S. El-Shahawi, A.A. Al-Sibaai, H.M. Al-Saidi and E.A. Assirey

Jan Bodi, Zoltan Bodi, Jiri Scucka and Petr Martinec

**Combination with Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor** 

Chapter 17 **Polyurethane as an Isolation for Covered Conductors 381** 

Eram Sharmin, Fahmina Zafar and Sharif Ahmad

**for Treatment of Tomato Industry Wastewater 355**

**Grafted PUF for the Application in the Solid Phase Extraction of Cadmium and Lead 263** Rafael Vasconcelos Oliveira and Valfredo Azevedo Lemos

**Biomechanical Experimentation and Simulation 171** 

Cristina Daniela Dimitriu, Laura Knieling and Valeria Harabagiu

Yerkesh Batyrbekov and Rinat Iskakov

Chapter 9 **Use of Polyurethane Foam in Orthopaedic**

Chapter 10 **Biocompatibility and Biological** 

Chapter 11 **HTPB-Polyurethane: A Versatile** 

Chapter 13 **Fast, Selective Removal and** 

Chapter 12 **Synthesis of a New Sorbent Based on** 

Preface

Polyurethane [PU] is a class of polymers built up of carabamate linkages, which provide special characteristics to the material. It is the outcome of pioneering research work of Otto Bayer and his coworkers in 1937 at I.G. Farben laboratories, in Leverkusen, Germany. Initial PU consisted of foams and fibres, while today, innovations and researches in the past decades have brought colossal changes in the world of PU. Attention is focussed on green PU such as from non-isocyanate technologies, from biobased polyols and isocyanates, PU hybrids, PU composites and so on. PU find versatile applications as foams, adhesive, surface coatings, and sealants, to name a few. The enchanting and worthy world of PU beckoned us to bring forth the book titled "Polyurethane". The book is divided into three sections: structures, properties and characterization of PU, applications of PU and a separate section on Biobased PU, covering the research and development in these areas. Each contributed chapter handles new and interesting topics introducing the reader to the wider known and unknown applications of PU such as PU for medical, urological stenting practice, carriers of antituberculosis drugs, orthopaedic, fuel binder, extraction of metals, grouting technologies, crashworthiness, isolation for covered conductor, treatment of industry wastewater, cast elastomers, alkanolamide PU coatings and foams, and others. The book aims to cater a larger audience comprising of readers from polymer

It is an immense pleasure to see the book "Polyurethane" in its final shape; the credit goes together to the authors, contributors, and the technical staff of InTech Open Access Publisher, particularly, to Mrs. Marija Radja and Mr. Vedran Greblo, Editor Relations Consultants, the funding agency Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India for Senior Research Associateship (Under Scientists' Pool Scheme, CSIR). Without their help and dedication, it would be impossible to have this

**Eram Sharmin and Fahmina Zafar, Ph.D.**

India

Senior Research Associates, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, A Central University, New Delhi,

chemistry, materials chemistry, and industrial chemistry.

book published so efficiently. Time has come to thank them all.
