**Applications**

120 Polyurethane

**Author details** 

Zahed Ahmadi

**6. References** 

Ahmadreza Gharehbagh

149-158.

*Iran Polyurethane Mfg.Co. NO.30, Tehran, Iran* 

*Color and Polymer Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran* 

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**Chapter 7** 

© 2012 Cauda and Cauda, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Cauda and Cauda, licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Polyurethane in Urological Practice** 

Polyurethane (PU) is one of the most bio- and blood-compatible materials currently used for fabrication of various medical devices, e.g. blood bags, vascular/ureteral catheters and artificial heart. Originally, PU was conceived with other copolymers, aiming at similar goals, i.e. enough versatility to successfully meet biomedical devices constraints, such as biocompatibility, resistance to sterilization, physical features invariance over time and infection resistance during indwelling. PU in particular, has also other key properties particularly suited to biomedical industry, including strength, versatility and low cost. The surface of PU can be chemically functionalized with organic and biologically active molecules, resulting in improved durability, compliance, acceptance and tolerance in the human body during implantation. These features additionally strengthen PU as an

Normally, several polymers such as natural rubber, polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, fluoropolymers, hydrogels and silicon are used in biomedical applications. Despite the widespread use of these materials, PU still covers a relevant and dominant role, thanks to its high blood and tissue biocompatibility for improving the quality of patient's life. It conjugates a good stability over long implantation times, excellent physico-mechanical and surface tuning properties via anchoring of molecules. PU has simply a unique mix of

PU is also widely used in cardiovascular applications, in particular for the preparation of venous and intravenous catheters and balloons for angioplasty and angiography. It has also been successfully used for tissue replacement and augmentation in breast implants, facial reconstruction and body joints. Artificial organs based on PU such as heart, kidneys and lungs have already been developed. Thanks to its above described unique features, PU has recently been proposed for new promising application fields, e.g. controlled drug delivery devices. A deep review on the use of PU in medicine and medical devices is also available

Valentina Cauda and Furio Cauda

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/36408

**1. Introduction** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

appealing candidate for biomedical applications.

features, highly required for almost any medical device.

(Zdrahala and Zdrahala 1999).
