**Author details**

Suzana M. Cakić and OliveraZ. Ristić *University of Niš, Faculty of Technology, Leskovac, Serbia* 

Ivan S. Ristić *University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Novi Sad, Serbia* 

#### **8. References**

[1] Atta A.M.; Abdel-Raouf M.E.; Elsaeed S.M.; Abdel-Azim A.A. (2006) Curable resins based on recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) for coating applications. *Prog. Org. Coat.,* 55, pp. 50–59.

Thermal Analysis of Polyurethane Dispersions Based on Different Polyols 99

[16] Chang T.C.; Chiu Y.S.; Chen H.B.; Ho S.Y. (1995) Degradation of phosphorus-containing

[17] Chattopadhyay D.K. & Webster D.C. (2009) Thermal stability and flame retardancy of

[18] Collong W.; Gobel A.; Kleuser B.; Lenhard W.; Sonntag M. (2002) 2K waterborne clearcoat-a competition between crosslinking and side reactions. *Prog. Org. Coat.,* 45, pp.

[19] Coutinho F.M.B. & Delpech M.C. (1996) Some properties of films cast from polyurethane aqueous dispersions of polyether-based anionomer extended with

[20] Coutinho F.M.B.; Delpech M.C.; Alves T.L.; Ferreira A.A. (2003) Degradation profiles of cast films of polyurethane and poly(urethane-urea) aqueous dispersions based on hydroxyterminated polybutadiene and different diisocyanates. *Polym. Degrad. Stab.,* 81,

[21] Delpech M.C. & Coutinho F.M.B. (2000) Waterborne anionic polyurethanes and poly(urethane-urea)s: influence of the chain extender on mechanical and adhesive

[22] Dieterich D. (1981) Aqueous Emulsions, Dispersions and Solutions of Polyurethanes;

[23] Dulog L. & Storck G. (1966) Die oxydation von polyepoxiden mit molekularem

[24] Fambri L.; Pegoretti A.; Gavazza C.; Penati A. (2000) Thermooxidative Stability of Different Polyurethanes Evaluated by Isothermal and Dynamic Methods. *J. Appl. Polym.* 

[25] Foy E.; Farrell J.B.; Higginbotham C.L. (2009) Synthesis of Liner Aliphatic Polycarbonate Macroglycols Using Dimethylcarbonate. *J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,* 111, pp.

[26] Garcia-Pacios V.; Costa V.; Colera M.; J. Martin-Martinez M. (2010) Affect of polydispersity on the properties of waterborne polyurethane dispersions based on

[27] Garcia-Pacios V.; Costa V.; Colera M.; Martin-Martinez J.M. (2011) Waterborne polyurethane dispersions obtained with polycarbonate of hexanediol intended for use

[29] Gunduz G. & Kisakurek R.R. (2004) Structure–Property study of waterborne polyurethane dispersions with Different hydrophilic content and polyols. *J. Disper.* 

[31] Jacobs, P.B. & Yu, P.C. (1993) Two-Component Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings.

[32] Jang J. Y.; Jhon Y.K.; Cheong I.W.; Kim J.H. (2002) Effect of process variables on molecular weight and mechanical properties of water-based polyurethane dispersion.

[28] George Woods, (1987). *The ICI Polyurethanes Book*, 2nd Edition, Wiley, New York.

[30] Hepburn C. (1992) *Polyurethane Elastomers*, Second ed., Elsevier, New York.

polyurethanes. *Polym. Degrad. Stab.,* 47, pp. 375-381.

polyurethanes. *Prog. Polym. Sci.* 34, pp. 1068-1133.

hydrazine. *Polym. Test.,*15, pp. 103-113.

properties. *Polym. Test.,* 19, pp. 939-952.

sauerstoff, *Macomol. Chem*., 91, pp. 50-73.

*Sci.,* 81, pp. 12161225.

Synthesis and. Properties. *Prog. Org. Coat.,* 9, pp. 281-340.

polycarbonate polyol. *Int. J. Adhes. Adhes.,* 30, pp. 456465.

*Colloids Surf. A- Physicochem. Eng. Aspects,* 196, pp. 135-143.

as coatings. *Prog. Org. Coat.,* 71, pp. 136146.

*Sci.Technol.,* 25 (2), pp. 217-228.

*J.Coat. Tech.*, 65 (822), pp. 45-50.

205-209.

pp. 19-27.

217227.


[16] Chang T.C.; Chiu Y.S.; Chen H.B.; Ho S.Y. (1995) Degradation of phosphorus-containing polyurethanes. *Polym. Degrad. Stab.,* 47, pp. 375-381.

98 Polyurethane

**8. References** 

13–22.

243.

7(3), pp. 308-318.

*Coat., 60(2)*, pp. 112-116.

pp. 536-545.

55, pp. 50–59.

[1] Atta A.M.; Abdel-Raouf M.E.; Elsaeed S.M.; Abdel-Azim A.A. (2006) Curable resins based on recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) for coating applications. *Prog. Org. Coat.,*

[2] Atta A.M.; El-Kafrawy A.F.; Aly M.H.; Abdel-Azim A.A. (2007) New epoxy resins based on recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) as organic coatings. *Prog. Org. Coat.,* 58, pp.

[3] Athawale V.D. & Kulkarni M.A. (2009) Preparation and properties of urethane/acrylate composite by emulsion polymerization technique. *Prog. Org. Coat.,* 65, pp. 392–400. [4] Athawale V.D. & Kulkarni M.A. (2010) Polyester polyols for waterborne polyurethanes

[5] Bechara I. (1998) Formulating with polyurethane dispersions. *Eur. Coat. J.,* 4, pp. 236–

[6] Blank W.J.; He Z.A. & Hessell E.T. (1999) Catalysis of the isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction

[7] Blank W.J. & Tramontano V.J. (1996) Properties of crosslinked polyurethane

[8] Cakić S. M.; Lačnjevac Č.; Stamenković J.; Ristić N.; Takić Lj.; Barać M.; Gligorić M. (2007 a) Effects of the acrylic polyol structure and the selectivity of the employed catalyst on the performance of two-component aqueous polyurethane coatings. *Sensors*,

[9] Cakić S.M.; Nikolić G.S.; Stamenković J.V. (2007 b) Thermo-oxidative stability of waterborne polyurethanes with catalysts of different selectivity evaluated by non-

[10] Cakić S.M.; Nikolić G.S.; Lačnjevac Č.; Gligorić M.; Rajković M. (2007 c) The thermal degradation of aqueous polyurethane with catalysts of different selectivity. *Prog. Org.* 

[11] Cakic S.; Lačnjevac Č.; Rajković M.B.; Rašković Lj.; Stamenković J. (2006 a) Reticulation of Aqueous Polyurethane Systems Controlled by DSC Method. *Sensors,* Vol. 6, No. 5,

[12] Cakic S.; Lačnjevac Č.; Nikolić G.; Stamenković J.; Rajković M.B.; Gligorić M.; Barać M. (2006 b) Spectroscopic Characteristics of Highly Selective Manganese Catalysts in

[13] Cakić S.; Ristić I.; Djordjević D.; Stamenković J.; Stojiljković D. (2010) Effect of the chain extender and selective catalyst on thermooxidative stability of aqueous polyurethane

[14] Cakić S.; Ristić I.; M-Cincović M.; Nikolić N.; Ilić O.; Stojiljković D.; B-Simendić J. (2011) Glycolyzed products from PET waste and their application in synthesis of polyurethane

[15] Cakić S.; Stamenković J.; Djordjević D.; Ristić I. (2009) Synthesis and degradation profile of cast films of PPG-DMPA-IPDI aqueous polyurethane dispersions based on selective

dispersions. *Prog. Org. Coat.,* In press, doi: 10.1016/j. porgcoat.2011.11.024.

isothermal thermogravimetry. *J. Serb. Chem. Soc.,* 72(7), pp. 723-735.

Acqueous Polyurethane Systems. *Sensors*, 6, pp. 1708-1720.

dispersions. *Prog. Org. Coat.,* 67, pp. 274–280.

catalysts. *Polym. Degrad. Stab.,* 94, pp. 2015–2022.

and hybrid dispersions. *Prog. Org. Coat.* 67, pp. 44–54.

by non-tin catalysts. *Prog. Org. Coat.,* 35, pp. 19-29.

dispersions. *Prog. Org. Coat.,* 27(1), pp. 1-15.


[33] Kim B.K. & Min L.Y. (1994) Aqueous dispersion of polyurethanes containing ionic and nonionic hydrophilic segments. *J. Appl. Polym. Sci*., 54, pp. 1809-1815.

**Chapter 6** 

© 2012 Gharehbagh and Ahmadi, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Gharehbagh and Ahmadi, licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

properly cited.

**Polyurethane Flexible Foam Fire Behavior** 

Polyurethanes are a broad range of polymers, which are formed from the reaction between diisocyanates or polyisocyanates with diols or polyols. According to **the types and amounts of, polyols, isocyanate, ingredients** and the overall reaction circumstances, a broad range of products **like flexible foams, rigid foams**, elastomers, coatings and

Since the polyurethane products specially foams are playing an indispensable rule in our daily life **because of wide range of applications in automotive, household, refrigerators,** 

Conventional polyurethane **flexible** foams are easily ignited by a small flame source and burn rapidly with a high rate of heat release and smoke and toxic gases. This high flammability of polyurethane flexible foam is related to its cellular and open cell structure and low density of such foams. Oxygen can easily pass through the cells of the combustible material and in subjecting with an accident, smoldering cigarette or an electrical shock, foam

Polyurethanes can be resisted against fire by different ways. **Depends on the types and applications of them, fire resisting could be done by the flame retardants using or by changing in** the polymer structure. In the whole picture the polymer ignition can be

3. Fire diffusion and heat generation reduction4. Increasing of the energy needed for

Different types of the fire retardants could be used according to one of the above mentioned categories. The flame retardants are acting according to one of the following mechanisms.

**insulations,** reducing of the fire risk of such a products are become more vital.

Ahmadreza Gharehbagh and Zahed Ahmadi

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/47965

**1. Introduction** 

adhesives are produced.

catch fire [1].

controlled by the following **factors**.

entire combustion process

1. Extinguishing material reduction 2. Air supplying source reduction

