**Meet the editor**

Professor L. Hector Juarez received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Houston (USA), in 1996. He also was a postdoctoral fellow and assistant visiting professor of the same institution during the period 1999-2002. Since 2002 he is full professor of applied mathematics at the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I) in Mexico City, and currently

is a Fellow of the National Research System in Mexico, level 2. He has participated in numerous research projects and published several research articles, reports, conference proceedings and book chapters, mainly in CFD, numerical solution of PDE, mathematical modeling and computer simulation. He has been supervisor of several graduate students, and has participated in numerous academic committees. It has also helped organize numerous national and international meetings in Mexico, and he has participated in many others abroad. Professor Juárez was recently elected member of the Main Board of the Mexican Mathematical Society for the period 2012-2014.

Contents

**Preface IX** 

Hwataik Han

**Part 1 Winds, Building, and Risk Prevention 1** 

Chapter 1 **Study of Wind-Induced Interference Effects on the Fujian Earth-Buildings 3** 

> L. Héctor Juárez, María Luisa Sandoval, Jorge López and Rafael Reséndiz

Chapter 5 **Sail Performance Analysis of Sailing Yachts by** 

**Part 2 Multiphase Flow, Structures, and Gases 119** 

Chapter 7 **Mechanics of Multi-Phase Frictional** 

Habib Alehossein

Chapter 6 **A Magneto-Fluid-Dynamic Model and Computational** 

**Visco-Plastic, Non-Newtonian, Depositing Fluid Flow in Pipes, Disks and Channels 151** 

**Solving Methodologies for Aerospace Applications 121**  Francesco Battista, Tommaso Misuri and Mariano Andrenucci

Chapter 2 **Mass–Consistent Wind Field Models:** 

Chapter 3 **Ventilation Effectiveness Measurements Using Tracer Gas Technique 41** 

Peng Xingqian, Liu Chunyan and Chen Yanhong

Chapter 4 **Fluid Dynamic Models Application in Risk Assessment 67**  Peter Vidmar, Stojan Petelin and Marko Perkovič

> **Numerical Calculations and Experiments 91**  Y. Tahara, Y. Masuyama, T. Fukasawa and M. Katori

**Numerical Techniques by L2–Projection Methods 23** 

## Contents

#### **Preface XIII**

	- **Part 2 Multiphase Flow, Structures, and Gases 119**

X Contents


Contents VII

Chapter 19 **Surfactant Analysis of Thin Liquid Film in the Human** 

Sujudran Balachandran

Chapter 20 **3D Particle Simulations of Deformation** 

Katsuya Nagayama and Keisuke Honda

Chapter 21 **Numerical Modeling and Simulations of Pulsatile** 

Chapter 22 **Biomechanical Factors Analysis in Aneurysm 493** 

Renat A. Sultanov and Dennis Guster

Chapter 23 **Assessment of Carotid Flow Using Magnetic** 

Chapter 24 **Numerical Simulation for Intranasal Transport Phenomena 537** Takahisa Yamamoto, Seiichi Nakata,

**Part 5 Additional Important Themes 555** 

Chapter 25 **Fluid-Dynamic Characterization** 

Chapter 26 **Optimization of Pouring Velocity** 

Chapter 27 **Fluid Dynamics Without Fluids 589** 

Chapter 28 **Fluid Dynamics in Space Sciences 611** 

Chapter 29 **Aero - Optics: Controlling Light with Air 631** Cosmas Mafusire and Andrew Forbes

Marco Marcon

H. Pérez-de-Tejada

Vinicius C. Rispoli, Joao L. A. Carvalho, Jon F. Nielsen and Krishna S. Nayak

Tsutomu Nakashima and Tsuyoshi Yamamoto

**and Efficiency Analysis in Plastic Separation of the Hydraulic Separator Multidune 557**

**for Aluminium Gravity Casting 575** Y. Kuriyama, K. Yano and S. Nishido

Floriana La Marca, Monica Moroni and Antonio Cenedese

**Trachea via Application of Volume of Fluid (VOF) 449** 

**of Red Blood Cells in Micro-Capillary Vessel 463** 

**Human Blood Flow in Different 3D-Geometries 475**

**Resonance Imaging and Computational Fluid Dynamics 513** 

Kleiber Bessa, Daniel Legendre and Akash Prakasan

	- **Part 3 Heat Transfer, Combustion, and Energy 263**
	- **Part 4 Medical and Biomechanical Applications 437**


Chapter 20 **3D Particle Simulations of Deformation of Red Blood Cells in Micro-Capillary Vessel 463**  Katsuya Nagayama and Keisuke Honda

VI Contents

Chapter 8 **Three Dimensional Simulation** 

Timothy J. Madden

Chapter 9 **Fluid-Structure Interaction 195** 

Chapter 10 **Study on Multi-Phase Flow Field** 

Chapter 13 **Heat Transfer Enhancement** 

Chapter 16 **Nuclear Propulsion 381**  Claudio Bruno

Jin Wang and Jianguo Yu

Vinod Kumar and Victor Udoewa

M.F. Abdul Jalal and E. Sandhita

Chapter 14 **Modelling and Optimizing Operating Conditions** 

Kazui Fukumoto and Yoshifumi Ogami

Chapter 17 **Fluid Dynamics in Microchannels 403**

Ming-Tsang Lee, and Ralph Greif

Chapter 18 **Modelling Propelling Force in Swimming Using Numerical Simulations 439**

Abel I. Rouboa and António J. Silva

**Part 4 Medical and Biomechanical Applications 437** 

Stanisław Łopata and Paweł Ocłoń

**Part 3 Heat Transfer, Combustion, and Energy 263**

**of Gas-Radiation Interactions in Gas Lasers 175** 

Ze Sun, Guimin Lu, Xingfu Song, Shuying Sun, Yuzhu Sun,

Stoia-Djeska Marius and Safta Carmen-Anca

**in Electrolysis Magnesium Industry 217**

Chapter 11 **Fluid-Structure Interaction Techniques for Parachute 239** 

Chapter 12 **Fluid Flow in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells 265** Alfredo Iranzo, Antonio Salva and Felipe Rosa

> **in Microchannel Heat Sink Using Nanofluids 287**  P. Gunnasegaran, N.H. Shuaib, H.A. Mohammed,

**of Heat Exchanger with Finned Elliptical Tubes 327** 

Jyh-tong Teng, Jiann-Cherng Chu, Chao Liu, Tingting Xu, Yih-Fu Lien, Jin-Hung Cheng, Suyi Huang, Shiping Jin, Thanhtrung Dang, Chunping Zhang, Xiangfei Yu,

Daniel A. Marinho, Tiago M. Barbosa, Vishveshwar R. Mantha,

**Simulation Technique to Reduce Chemical Mechanisms 357**

Chapter 15 **Simulation of H2-Air Non-Premixed Flame Using Combustion** 


#### **Part 5 Additional Important Themes 555**


Preface

excluding experimental and theoretical aspects.

solve problems, which are not directly related to fluid dynamics.

The content of this book covers several up-to-date topics in fluid dynamics, computational modeling and its applications, and it is intended to serve as a general reference for scientists, engineers, and graduate students. The book is comprised of 30 chapters divided into 5 parts, which include: winds, building and risk prevention; multiphase flow, structures and gases; heat transfer, combustion and energy; medical and biomechanical applications; and other important themes. This book also provides a comprehensive overview of computational fluid dynamics and applications, without

The edition of this book was made possible thanks to the contribution of many scientists, and researchers in the field of fluid dynamics, and also thanks to the initiative of InTech, and the outstanding professional work of its staff and editors. This book covers a wide range of topics related to fluid mechanics, such as: meteorology, energy, aerospace, heat transfer, civil engineering, environmental, medicine, physiology, micro-fluids, and industry. In particular, the reader will find some specific chapters about ventilation, building, sailing yachts, heating, cooling, combustion, swimming, blood flow, arterial diseases, breathing and intranasal flow, fuel cells, casting, concrete slurries, parachutes, magnesium production, and plastic separation, among others. Some other specific topics available are: nuclear propulsion, fluid structure interaction, solar winds, aero-optics, gases, chemical lasers, and wind field recovery. There is also an interesting chapter about how to apply CFD techniques to

**Dr. L. Hector Juarez** 

University of Houston

México

USA

Department of Mathematics U.A.M.-I., Mexico City

Department of Mathematics, Houston, Texas

## Preface

The content of this book covers several up-to-date topics in fluid dynamics, computational modeling and its applications, and it is intended to serve as a general reference for scientists, engineers, and graduate students. The book is comprised of 30 chapters divided into 5 parts, which include: winds, building and risk prevention; multiphase flow, structures and gases; heat transfer, combustion and energy; medical and biomechanical applications; and other important themes. This book also provides a comprehensive overview of computational fluid dynamics and applications, without excluding experimental and theoretical aspects.

The edition of this book was made possible thanks to the contribution of many scientists, and researchers in the field of fluid dynamics, and also thanks to the initiative of InTech, and the outstanding professional work of its staff and editors. This book covers a wide range of topics related to fluid mechanics, such as: meteorology, energy, aerospace, heat transfer, civil engineering, environmental, medicine, physiology, micro-fluids, and industry. In particular, the reader will find some specific chapters about ventilation, building, sailing yachts, heating, cooling, combustion, swimming, blood flow, arterial diseases, breathing and intranasal flow, fuel cells, casting, concrete slurries, parachutes, magnesium production, and plastic separation, among others. Some other specific topics available are: nuclear propulsion, fluid structure interaction, solar winds, aero-optics, gases, chemical lasers, and wind field recovery. There is also an interesting chapter about how to apply CFD techniques to solve problems, which are not directly related to fluid dynamics.

#### **Dr. L. Hector Juarez**

Department of Mathematics U.A.M.-I., Mexico City México University of Houston Department of Mathematics, Houston, Texas USA

**Part 1** 

**Winds, Building, and Risk Prevention** 
