**Meet the editor**

Hyoung Woo OH is Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Chungju National University. He received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). His research areas are industrial applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and turbomachinery design and performance analysis. Dr OH is the author or co-author of dozens of journal papers.

Contents

**Preface IX** 

Chapter 1 **Computational Fluid Dynamics 1** 

Victor Udoewa and Vinod Kumar

Chapter 2 **A Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of** 

Chapter 3 **Advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics** 

Enrique Rico-García, Irineo L. López-Cruz

Antonio Viviani and Giuseppe Pezzella

Chapter 5 **Air Movement Within Enclosed Road-Objects** 

M. Muhasilovic, A. Mededovic, E. Gacanin, K. Ciahotny and V. Koza

and Hermann Nirschl

Chapter 7 **CFD and Thermography Techniques** 

Chapter 8 **Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)** 

**with Contra-Traffica CFD-Investigation 73** 

Chapter 6 **Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Discrete** 

Xiana Romani Fernandez, Lars Egmont Spelter

**Applied in Cooling Systems Designs 135**  Samuel Santos Borges and Cassiano Antunes Cezario

**Modeling of Photochemical Reactors 155** 

Masroor Mohajerani, Mehrab Mehrvar and Farhad Ein-Mozaffari

Ali Hadi Ghawi and Jozef Kriš

and Abraham Rojano-Aguilar

Chapter 4 **Fluid Dynamics Analysis of** 

**Flow and Settling in Sedimentation Tanks 19** 

**Applied to the Greenhouse Environment 35**  Jorge Flores-Velázquez, Guillermo De la Torre-Gea,

**a Space Vehicle Entering the Mars Atmosphere 63** 

**Element Method (DEM) Applied to Centrifuges 97** 

## Contents

#### **Preface XI**


X Contents



## Preface

This book is intended for use as a reference text to help advanced scientists and research engineers solve numerous and diverse fluid flow problems using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Each chapter has been contributed by the practiced experts in the field of fluid dynamics. This material covers a wide spectrum of CFD applications involving flow modeling in sedimentation tank, greenhouse environment, hypersonic aerodynamics, computational scheme, cooling systems design, photochemical reaction engineering, atmospheric reentry problem, fluid‐ structure interaction (FSI), atomization, hydraulic component design, air conditioning system, and industrial applications of CFD.

#### **Dr. Hyoung Woo Oh**

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chungju National University, Chungju, Korea

**1**

*USA* 

**Computational Fluid Dynamics** 

*AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow, AAAS, 2009-2011,* 

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the emerging field of fluid mechanics in which fluid flow problems are solved and analyzed using computational methods and numerical algorithms. In fluid mechanics, there are generally three routes of work in the field, three ways to conduct experiments. The first category is theoretical, or analytical, fluid mechanics. Theoretical fluid mechanics includes theorizing, manipulating and solving equations with pen and paper. The Navier-Stokes equation governing incompressible fluid flow is an example of theoretical fluid mechanics. Secondly, many engineers and physicist work in the area of experimental fluid mechanics. Experimental fluid mechanics involves conducting actual physical experiments and studying the flow and the effect of various disturbances, shapes, and stimuli on the flow. Examples include waves generated by pools, air flow studies in actual wind tunnels, flow through physical pipes, etc. Lastly, a growing number of engineers, mathematicians, computer scientists, and physicists work in the area of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In CFD, you may still run an experiment of waves across water, an airplane in a wind tunnel, or flow through pipes, but now it is done through the computer Instead of actual, physical, 3D objects. A computer model is created, and computer programmers code the equations representing the physical laws that govern the flow of the molecules of fluid. Then the flow results (such as velocity and pressure) are output into files that can be visualized through pictures or animation so that you see the

In cases where an analytical, or theoretical, solution exists, CFD simulations and the mathematical models, which are coded in the computer program, are corroborated by comparison to the exact solutions. This comparative check is called validation. CFD is not yet to a point where solutions to problems are used without corroboration by existing, known, analytical or exact solutions when available. Validation is not to be confused with verification, however; validation is a check to make sure that the implemented, coded model accurately represents the conceptual, mathematical description and the solution intended to

Still, there are many times when there is no analytical solution. In these cases, one often uses a computational approach. In such cases without a known solution, CFD is used to

**1. Introduction** 

be modeled.

result just as you do with physical experiments.

Victor Udoewa1 and Vinod Kumar2

*1George Washington University, USAID Development Engineer,* 

*2Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso,* 
