**1. Introduction**

62 Emerging Informatics – Innovative Concepts and Applications

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Nowadays the field of centralized control is linked to major production processes or industrial applications, where the flow of information allows optimizing the total production process. In the area of small to medium enterprises (SMEs) (Wang & Kai-Yi, 2009), however it is still underdeveloped (Liao, 2009). Perhaps the reason is not the lack of capacity for the design or the cost of the technology, but the lack of vision and lack of skills, in addition to the benefits obtained with this type of automation. Added to this that the current diversity and technological capability allows to choose a wide range of both technical and economic possibilities. As a result, it is possible to select the technology in order to balance the binomial needs–costs.

In this line shows an application of centralized control, that is linked to a sewage treatment plant (Jiayu & Linan, 2009; Zhu & Liu, 2008) for the timber industry (Fig. 1), as a solution that not only reduces costs in human resources, but also increases the reliability and safety of the process compared to plants that operate semi-automatically and even, with respect to distributed control systems. Thus, from a control element single it is possible to manage, monitor and supervise, in real time, the whole system.

Fig. 1. Sewage Treatment Plant

Expert System Design for Sewage Treatment Plant 65

order to improve the efficiency of the system, which affect the costs of production and levels of quality obtained in the purification process. Moreover, it is vital to minimize "human error" providing the operator with accurate and timely information accompanied by a set of records and alarms. This will increase the security of the system, and therefore, also, it will

This chapter discusses the relevant aspects for building an expert system that reaches the above requirements (Bouza-Fernandez, 2012). With regard to solve this problem of control such as application of the fuzzy logic (Kang, Yan-min & Guo-chuan, 2009), it is thought that

1. First, this manufacturing process is correctly defined with level 2 GRAFCET and its non-linear structure is properly resolved with the monitoring and supervision of Ph and temperature magnitudes by means of the interface human machine (HMI) design,

2. And second, selecting the technology solution in order to balance the binomial needscosts, is an overriding aspect to comply with requirements demanded by customers. Day-to-day routine that designers must face, is "to develop the best solution in the

Day-to-day routine that designers must face, is to develop the best solution in the shortest time and at the lowest cost. Although that aspects of installation and starting on site are not discussed in this document, if it is necessary to highlight its importance to carry out the project successfully. It must be said that these functions must be realized by qualified personnel in compliance with the guidelines of designer and respecting all safety rules. A complete verification of the operation and its safety will be done in this phase of the project, too. And the results will be contrasted with the specifications and tests carried out on the phase of building. If necessary, the pertinent corrections are made. In addition to this verification made by the Builder or Designer, usually another inspection is carried out by

A common factor of all the stages defined in this structure is that they suppose an evolution "from start to finish", that is to say, the concept of reference is described previously with approximation and later, it's perfected little by little and established of precise form. This structure allows a breakdown of the project in economic costs in their different stages, something fundamental for his acceptance and development. In this way, it is possible to

Following the flow chart design process described in Fig. 2, the objective and the

The objective of the control system is to improve efficiency and quality of the whole process

a. On the one hand it involves a study of the process restructuring it or modifying those

avoid any possible risk of environmental contamination.

without the need to develop complex mathematical models.

was not appropriate for two reasons:

shortest time and at the lowest cost".

certification bodies or insurance companies.

**2. Objective and specifications** 

of purification in two aspects:

minimize the risks inherent in his building, use, time and costs.

specification of the system are defined in this section.

steps or elements deemed inefficient.

Despite that there are not known major applications of expert systems in sewage treatment, there are many attempts to apply knowledge-based systems in this area (Mikosz, 2001). However, these experts systems are not be able to maintain a continuous control of the plant, with data gathered through the on-line sensors.

The following flow chart (Fig. 2) shows the design procedure used in this project.

Fig. 2. Flow chart of design procedure

As far as the first phase, and starting point for this project, is concerned to a sewage plant for the Wood Products Industry which operates semiautomatic mode and with permanent presence of several operators to carry out the monitoring and supervision of the installation has been chosen. The system proposes that it should be possible to reduce the human presence to a single operator from a single point of control and that may be simultaneous with other plant processes. In addition to synchronize the various processes of the plant in

Despite that there are not known major applications of expert systems in sewage treatment, there are many attempts to apply knowledge-based systems in this area (Mikosz, 2001). However, these experts systems are not be able to maintain a continuous control of the

As far as the first phase, and starting point for this project, is concerned to a sewage plant for the Wood Products Industry which operates semiautomatic mode and with permanent presence of several operators to carry out the monitoring and supervision of the installation has been chosen. The system proposes that it should be possible to reduce the human presence to a single operator from a single point of control and that may be simultaneous with other plant processes. In addition to synchronize the various processes of the plant in

The following flow chart (Fig. 2) shows the design procedure used in this project.

plant, with data gathered through the on-line sensors.

Fig. 2. Flow chart of design procedure

order to improve the efficiency of the system, which affect the costs of production and levels of quality obtained in the purification process. Moreover, it is vital to minimize "human error" providing the operator with accurate and timely information accompanied by a set of records and alarms. This will increase the security of the system, and therefore, also, it will avoid any possible risk of environmental contamination.

This chapter discusses the relevant aspects for building an expert system that reaches the above requirements (Bouza-Fernandez, 2012). With regard to solve this problem of control such as application of the fuzzy logic (Kang, Yan-min & Guo-chuan, 2009), it is thought that was not appropriate for two reasons:


Day-to-day routine that designers must face, is to develop the best solution in the shortest time and at the lowest cost. Although that aspects of installation and starting on site are not discussed in this document, if it is necessary to highlight its importance to carry out the project successfully. It must be said that these functions must be realized by qualified personnel in compliance with the guidelines of designer and respecting all safety rules. A complete verification of the operation and its safety will be done in this phase of the project, too. And the results will be contrasted with the specifications and tests carried out on the phase of building. If necessary, the pertinent corrections are made. In addition to this verification made by the Builder or Designer, usually another inspection is carried out by certification bodies or insurance companies.

A common factor of all the stages defined in this structure is that they suppose an evolution "from start to finish", that is to say, the concept of reference is described previously with approximation and later, it's perfected little by little and established of precise form. This structure allows a breakdown of the project in economic costs in their different stages, something fundamental for his acceptance and development. In this way, it is possible to minimize the risks inherent in his building, use, time and costs.
