**1.4.1 Digital railway key technologies**

#### **1.4.1.1 3S Technology and application**

3S technology is composition of RS, GIS, and GPS, and it is a modern information technology which is a combination of spatial technology, sensor technology, satellite positioning and navigation technology and computer technology, and highly integrated multi-disciplinary to collect, process, manage, analyze, express, disseminate and apply spatial information. 3S technology is the basis of the construction of Digital Railway. We can use RS technology to get the required railway exploration data, and use GPS technology to solve positioning problem of railway mobile equipment, and GIS technology is the basic displaying platform for development and application of Digital Railway.

#### **1.4.1.2 Railway spatial data modeling Technologies**

Data model is an abstraction of real world phenomenon, which describes the basic structure, relationship and the various operations of data. Data model is the formal representation of content and logical organization of relationship of data in database system and it describes and reflects the business activities and information flow in a department or system using abstract form. Railway Geographic Information System requires an efficient data organization mode, which not only can include comprehensive information (including information potentially useful for the future) as possible, but also can be easily and quickly selected.

#### **1.4.1.3 Mass Spatial Data Storage and Access Technologies**

Because of the ever mass span geographical spaces of China Railway, the enormous of electronic map, equipment spatial vector image, aerial and satellite photograph, videos along with the rail line, required to study the mass spatial data storage and process technologies, to make railway spatial data management efficient and effective.

#### **1.4.1.4 Railway spatial information sharing technology**

The essence of Digital Railway is to establish service and sharing system of railway information whish core is railway spatial information. The core of railway geographic information platform is to provide basic spatial information and sharing professional spatial

other types of capacity resources, provide full life-cycle asset management and effectiveness of accounting services, complement the railway norms, optimizing asset management system, enhance asset management efficiency. Based on the failure mechanism and mode of the capacity resources, and reliability requirements, combined with the economic cost of such repair and maintenance data, forming the maintenance and repair schedule predictive models library and knowledge base, to achieve a reliable forecast maintenance and repair system, the

To provide digital-based integrated business information display, statistical analysis and other functions, auxiliary open line programs, asset utilization, operational efficiency and

3S technology is composition of RS, GIS, and GPS, and it is a modern information technology which is a combination of spatial technology, sensor technology, satellite positioning and navigation technology and computer technology, and highly integrated multi-disciplinary to collect, process, manage, analyze, express, disseminate and apply spatial information. 3S technology is the basis of the construction of Digital Railway. We can use RS technology to get the required railway exploration data, and use GPS technology to solve positioning problem of railway mobile equipment, and GIS technology is the basic

Data model is an abstraction of real world phenomenon, which describes the basic structure, relationship and the various operations of data. Data model is the formal representation of content and logical organization of relationship of data in database system and it describes and reflects the business activities and information flow in a department or system using abstract form. Railway Geographic Information System requires an efficient data organization mode, which not only can include comprehensive information (including information potentially useful for the future) as possible, but also can be easily and quickly

Because of the ever mass span geographical spaces of China Railway, the enormous of electronic map, equipment spatial vector image, aerial and satellite photograph, videos along with the rail line, required to study the mass spatial data storage and process

The essence of Digital Railway is to establish service and sharing system of railway information whish core is railway spatial information. The core of railway geographic information platform is to provide basic spatial information and sharing professional spatial

technologies, to make railway spatial data management efficient and effective.

optimize energy efficiency and emissions of other aspects of decision making.

maximum degree of safety, and reduce operating costs and risks.

**1.4 Digital railway key technologies and information standards** 

displaying platform for development and application of Digital Railway.

**1.4.1.2 Railway spatial data modeling Technologies** 

**1.4.1.3 Mass Spatial Data Storage and Access Technologies** 

**1.4.1.4 Railway spatial information sharing technology** 

selected.

**1.3.7.2 Digital business decision support system** 

**1.4.1 Digital railway key technologies 1.4.1.1 3S Technology and application** 

information. Railway spatial information sharing technology, including synchronization mechanism of railway basic spatial information and service mechanism of railway spatial information, can provides sharing spatial data and rich spatial information services to improve resource comprehensive utilization efficiency. Constantly perfected standards of Digital Railway spatial information is an important means to railway spatial information technology management, and we must make the standards of railway basic spatial information, quality control of railway geographic data, railway geospatial data exchange and sharing services of railway GIS according to the principle that "authoritative data from authoritative department , resources Co-establishing and sharing", to achieve the target that "one base map in railway"

### **1.4.1.5 Railway spatial information security technology**

Sector of Surveying and Mapping have strict regulations in spatial information management, because spatial information interrelates to the national security. Furthermore, digital geographic information is easier to replicate and spread, we must study railway spatial information security technology, and on national spatial data security level, to realize the unified convergence case management of railway spatial information, and take different effective measures to secret-related and public railway spatial information, on the premise of ensuring data or information safety, furthest to realize sharing of railway spatial data.

### **1.4.1.6 Virtualization technology**

Virtualization is a process that to express computer resources using a way which user and applications can easily benefit from. It provides a logical view for data, computing power, storage and other resources, and it is a logical representation of resources which is not subject to physical limitations. Virtualization technology, include network virtualization, system virtualization, computer hardware virtualization, language virtual machine and distributed system simulation technology etc.

Through application of virtualization technology, all the resources of Digital Railway will run transparently on a variety of physical platforms, and it changes logical resource into logical resource, to realize automated allocation of resources. Therefore, we can build Digital Railway under existing applications and platforms using virtualization technology instead of rebuilding a new system.

#### **1.4.1.7 Internet of things related technologies**

Under the foundation of computer internet, Internet of Things based on the use of RFID, wireless data communications technology, to construct "Internet of Things" that covered everything in the world. Automatic Train Identification System (ATIS) Implemented by Ministry of Railway is realized using RFID technology. Using technology of Internet of Things, by embedding and equipping sensors into railway lines, bridges, tunnels, culverts, traffic signals and other rail infrastructure, locomotives, vehicles, train-sets and other mobile devices, informatization facility and large fittings, and integrating with the existing information network, can realize overall real-time management of manpower equipment and infrastructure of railway, that is to realize digitalization of railway equipment management, to improve resource utilization and productivity level of railway, and to promote construction of Digital Railway.

#### **1.4.1.8 Cloud computing technology**

Digital Railway was supported by a mass of information applications and information processing services, and it needs IT infrastructure and services basis that support the

Digital Railway System 191

international metadata standards in metadata standard construction of Digital Railway list as follows: ISO 19115 metadata standard, ISO 19139 metadata XML Schema implementation

At present spatial data in each business system of Ministry of Railway independently purchase and make. Because different systems have different requirements of spatial data, in addition to the implementation time of each business systems are not same, leading to spatial data quality irregularity of each department. In construction of Digital Railway, must accord with corresponding national standards and industry standards of spatial data, while take strictly control for spatial data quality to ensure the validity and public of spatial data in storage.

The core figure of Digital Railway is share, so data exchange format standardization of GIS

Digital Railway should achieve data exchange between data providers and data users in different GIS platform through data exchange format. Therefore, it should be able to: support the commonly used data formats such as DXF, DWG, TIF, IMG, etc.; support the de facto standard exchange formats such as SHP, E00, etc.; support the national standard

The shared services provided by Digital Railway Geographic Information platform should be able to support heterogeneous GIS system even non-GIS system to read and call, to reach the purposes of data integration and function sharing of system. To achieve this purpose, Digital Railway geographic information platform use service-oriented architecture, involves

For GIS application services of Digital Railway, it is essential to provide standard OGC services. The OGC standard services include WMS (Web Map Service), WFS (Web Feature

In Railway Geographic Information platform, in addition to providing spatial data share using OGC service, should also provide a variety of more advanced GIS map services and geographic analysis services for external which are OGC standards cannot be achieved. We should provide standard Web Services through SOA architecture to provide a variety of GIS mapping services and geographical analysis services. Therefore, Digital Railway construction will also need to follow some of the SOA architecture standards, including WSDL (Web Services Description Language), UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and

Digital Railway is the direction of railway system development and construction, which based on the transformation and improvement of existing railway information system, and

Integration), and SOAP protocol (Simple Object Access Protocol).

standard, ISO 15836 Dublin Core standard.

**1.4.2.2 Railway spatial data quality control standards** 

**1.4.2.3 Railway spatial data exchange standards** 

spatial data is also a very important part.

exchange formats, such as VCT and so on.

a lot of interoperability standards.

Service), WCS (Web Coverage Service).

**1.4.2.6 SOA architecture standards** 

**1.4.2.5 OGC standards** 

**1.5 Conclusion** 

**1.4.2.4 Railway GIS shared services standards** 

development of the railway business. The traditional construction mode that deploy IT infrastructure according to business information system leads to that information and information technology resources merged into some existing rules and regulations by specialty division. Cloud computing technology provides technical capability and management scheme for construction, maintenance and management of information services and upgrade of information technology infrastructure of Digital Railway and this will improve the ability of information technology of Digital Railway. Cloud computing comes from that business change to virtualization and diversification, and those need information technology to provide business agility, resulting in needs of IT infrastructure integration, data processing tasks and services quality assurance. Cloud computing is a concept and technology system to build a dynamic IT infrastructure, information technology services and information systems architecture. Cloud computing technology offers a way of IT resources development, making information systems to support business to the changing and have dynamic capabilities. Service-oriented hierarchical information services technology, virtualization technology, massive data processing and building mode of centralized data centers in Cloud computing areas provide opportunity to realize alignment of business and IT of Digital Railway.

#### **1.4.1.8 Hybrid system modeling and validation technology**

Each system in Digital Railway collects all the physical resources and the environment status information and takes all control decisions according to state changes. State change in physical world is based on continuous model, but control decision is based on discrete model of information space. Predictive maintenance of all kinds of digital equipment in Digital Railway needs continuous and discrete mixed modeling and validation analysis technology - hybrid system modeling and verification techniques. Hybrid systems are a class of widely used computer-based systems, such as embedded systems, information physical integration systems can be considered a typical example of hybrid systems. Currently hybrid automata are the main design modeling language, and reachability test of it is an important way to improve the quality of the system.

At present, the study of hybrid system in the railway has just started, and hybrid systems analysis, hybrid control system design will provide more reliable, more accurate techniques for the analysis, design and verification of massive information physical integration system.
