**7.2 Results about state expenditure**

A project is a one-time effort that produces a specific result. A project is a part of a program. Here are some projects whose translation is studied in example1 and example2:


270 Emerging Informatics – Innovative Concepts and Applications

RUNNING offers a subsidiary mechanism of improving bilingual skills of users regarding

Screens are presented that express State revenue in terms of resources and new financing. RUNNING exploits the input ontology to help users who need to learn how to translate

Screen1 displays the resource list constituted of internal and external resources. Internal resources comprise mainly variety of taxes and custom fees. An example of an external resource is the public debt. It can be a bilateral or a multilateral external resource. Resources

Secure access by level of confidentiality: It covers security issues.

the State budget management.

**7.1 Results about state revenue** 

what contributes to budget revenue.

are listed in French and in English.

Screen 1. Resource List

Fig. 7. Budget translation

**7. Results** 

Documentation and online tutorials. The teaching component is recorded.

Screen3 offers a summary field which contain the project scope. The scope is the description of the boundaries of the project. It defines what the project will deliver. It is the view all stakeholders have from the project, a definition of the limits of the project. In the summary field, requirements must be specified. The scope must be written in French and English.

Screen4 allows the description of an activity through the summary field. An activity is a component of a project. It is constituted of sequences and dependencies. At this level durations are determined and the network diagram for the project schedule is developed. The summary field must contain these activity details in French and in English except the network diagram.

Running: A Mixed Language Software

record that information

ontology represented has three stages;




simultaneously.

advantage of this evolution.

**9. Acknowledgements** 

notions tied to a specific field of activities.

**8. Conclusion** 

as an e-Learning Solution for the State Budget Management 273

For each year, the financial law provides for and authorizes all State revenue and expenditure and presents all the programs aimed at attaining economic, social and cultural objectives. The financial law is applied in the Budget Domain which requires a strong knowledge management. In presence of two languages (French and English in our case)

When organizations are facing language translation issues, here are some mistakes to avoid: Asking users to specify details about the translation rather than using a conform idea to

Allowing service staff to select or influence potential users, for instance, by transferring

In this chapter, we specify a system allowing users to communicate with RUNNING application and to improve their bilingual skills by learning the vocabulary related to State budget management. An ontological system is developed to bring adequate terminology and knowledge to non-expert users in bilingualism. The term ontology corresponds to a formal structure expressed in different models and different degrees. The budgetary

This decomposition is aimed to conceptualize the domain in such a way that data semantics is well described and understood. Reasoning mechanisms are also précised for users' experience. The public sector area is characterized by a wide range of task and work arrangements. Some processes in financial applications are still limited to simple processes of registering, accounting and calculating. RUNNING application is provided with value-added features facilitating users to be accommodated with budgetary concepts in French and in English

Besides, decision-making in public administration occurs at organizational or policy level but it is also characteristic of its operative work. Thereby, public agents must be able to access information and knowledge to help their tasks, so that decision-making can take

RUNNING is an application in which the user finds material of Computer-Aided Learning to be more bilingual by understanding complex terms, as far as the State budget management is concerned. Web and open source development characters give it the ability to be migrated in other technical domains where the language translation can represent a difficult problem to be solved by users. This is an interesting way of learning words and

Authors like to thank Dr. Mathias Ariel Ngnitedem, Nelson Mandela School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Southern University and A&M College (Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA)

for his helpful contribution and knowledge of budgetary domain.

bilingual interfaces need hard efforts of language translation.

some works but not others to particular persons Not sharing translation results with service staff


Screen 3. New Project


Screen 4. New activity
