**9. References**

@aGlance (2011). @aGlance, accessed 26 September 2011, available from: http://www.aglance.dk/

Allen, A., O'Toole, W., McDonnell, I., & Harris, R. (2011). *Festival & Special Event Management* (4th ed.), John Wiley & Sons Australia, Milton, Australia.

Barr, J. von Eicken, T., & Troan, E. (2009). *Application Architecture for Cloud Computing*, White paper, accessed 30 September 2011, available from: http://www.slideshare.net/whitepapers/application-architecture-for-cloudcomputing

your vehicles GPS system, these propositions are now becoming technologically both feasible and affordable. Communications is a multi-way activity. Such applications could also incorporate means by which attendees could communicate on-site updates of emerging real-time risk issues back to the organisers, providing many more 'sets of eyes' on emerging

Examples for potential usage of such systems can be seen with increasing frequency internationally. In 2010 a music festival called 'The Love Parade' was held in Duisburg, Germany. Logistical crowd management issues resulted in more than 500 attendees being injured and 21 deaths with subsequent cancellation of the event and on-going legal cases (Spiegel Online International - *Prosecutors Investigate 16 over Deadly Event*). Critical to the issues involved in this case was the need for better planning, decision-making and communications infrastructure while ensuring information was received and acted on in a

Similarly there was spate of stage collapses in 2011, including the Indiana State Fair disaster in where severe winds of over 60mph had a hand in the deaths of 6 people and many more injured. Media reports stated that 'State Fair management knew and was tracking the weather conditions, yet took no timely action… (in contrast) a local symphony that was to perform nearby cancelled its outdoor performance because of weather and urged spectators to seek shelter' (USA Today - *Safety standards are under a critical eye after stage collapse*). Improved communications, including automated systems, could have vastly improved

These more serious examples show the vital need to have the ability to implement an integrated communications strategy that brings together real-time facts and key stakeholders. Such a strategy needs to enable critical decision making in sometimes life threatening circumstances. Given the potential consequences, a system that is robust, affordable, user-friendly and quickly brought on line with sufficient capacity is essential. We believe that cloud based provisioning can provide the framework on which future emergency management systems will be established for special events and festivals. In

The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of the Queensland Folk Federation and the

Allen, A., O'Toole, W., McDonnell, I., & Harris, R. (2011). *Festival & Special Event Management* (4th ed.), John Wiley & Sons Australia, Milton, Australia. Barr, J. von Eicken, T., & Troan, E. (2009). *Application Architecture for Cloud Computing*, White

http://www.slideshare.net/whitepapers/application-architecture-for-cloud-

management and staff of the Woodford Folk Festival for the much valued assistance.

@aGlance (2011). @aGlance, accessed 26 September 2011, available from:

paper, accessed 30 September 2011, available from:

timely manner (Spiegel Online International - *Blind Leading the Blind*).

risk situations.

safety outcomes in these instances.

'cloud versus clouds' the future is bright.

http://www.aglance.dk/

computing

**8. Acknowledgment** 

**9. References** 


**4** 

*Spain* 

**Expert System Design** 

*1University of A Coruña, Ferrol,* 

 **for Sewage Treatment Plant** 

J. Bouza-Fernandez1, G. Gonzalez-Filgueira1,

*2Politechnical University of Catalunya, Terrassa,* 

S. de las Heras Jimenez2 and D.Vazquez-Gonzalez1

Nowadays the field of centralized control is linked to major production processes or industrial applications, where the flow of information allows optimizing the total production process. In the area of small to medium enterprises (SMEs) (Wang & Kai-Yi, 2009), however it is still underdeveloped (Liao, 2009). Perhaps the reason is not the lack of capacity for the design or the cost of the technology, but the lack of vision and lack of skills, in addition to the benefits obtained with this type of automation. Added to this that the current diversity and technological capability allows to choose a wide range of both technical and economic possibilities. As a result, it is possible to select the technology in

In this line shows an application of centralized control, that is linked to a sewage treatment plant (Jiayu & Linan, 2009; Zhu & Liu, 2008) for the timber industry (Fig. 1), as a solution that not only reduces costs in human resources, but also increases the reliability and safety of the process compared to plants that operate semi-automatically and even, with respect to distributed control systems. Thus, from a control element single it is possible to manage,

**1. Introduction** 

order to balance the binomial needs–costs.

Fig. 1. Sewage Treatment Plant

monitor and supervise, in real time, the whole system.


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