**1.2 Basis of mobile ad hoc networks**

A MANET is one that does not have any base station and fixed substructure that can freely and dynamically self-organize into temporary network topologies. An ad hoc mobile

Energy Consumption Analysis of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 251

As shown in Figure 3, routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks are classified into two classes: table-driven and on-demand [Misra S et al, 2008]. The table-driven d, or proactive, method is used for alternate updating links and can use both the distance vectors and link statuses used in fixed networks. The word "proactive" means that this method is always active and will also react to a change in the linkage [Norouzi. A and Ustundag B. B, 2011]. A problem arises for this method when movement is low because additional work is done and

In the on-demand method with reactions, other nodes do not update the route and the routes are determined at the origin of the request. Therefore, there is the possibility of using a caching mechanism. The advantage of this method is that both energy and bandwidth are used effectively. In this chapter, the table-driven and the on-demand protocols are explained

In this group of protocols, each node maintains one or more tables that include routing information to other nodes of the network. All nodes update their tables to preserve compatibility and to give upgraded viewpoints of the network. When the topology of the network changes, the nodes distribute update messages across the network [Misra S et al, 2008]. Some identifying aspects of this class of routing protocols include the ways in which information is distributed, the ways the topology is changed and the number of tables necessary for routing. The following sections explain some of these routing protocols

Fig. 3. Categorization of MANET routing protocols

the network tends toward instability [Bai F et al, 2004].

**2.2 Table-driven protocols** 

[Boukerche. A et al, 2011].

and then compared with different parameters [Dixit et al, 2005].

**2.1 Mobile ad hoc network routing protocols** 

network is an unstable network formed dynamically by a collection of wireless mobile nodes without the use of an existing network substructure [Chlamtac et al, 2003]. Such networks back up calculations at any time and in any place, and their structures can change automatically [Norouzi. A and Ustundag B. B, 2011]. In such networks, each mobile host acts as a router. For this reason, peer-to-peer communication as well as peer-to-remote communication is possible in this kind of network [Camp et al, 2002].

Fig. 2. An example of a Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET)

Figure 2 shows an example of a MANET. This type of network has been comprised of different kinds of mobile devices such as PDAs, smart signals and mobile hosts. In MANETs, routing is a complex problem and the reason for this is mobility of routes. However, links may change frequently and this subject refers to the fact that communication links should be updated continually and their messages should be sent frequently; hence this control creates traffic [Perkins E, 2008].

There are special devices in different forms, but one of their common specifications is that they use battery energy, and this energy is limited. Wireless transmission, collision, resubmission and conductive radio waves are all effective in energy consumption. As a result, there is strong need for the presence of protocols which use energy efficiently and effectively as well as technology for better management of energy [Norouzi. A and Ustundag B. B, 2011].
