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**14** 

*Italy* 

**Real Time Radio Frequency Exposure** 

Alessandra Paffi1, Francesca Apollonio1, Guglielmo d'Inzeo1,

Focus of this chapter is the description of the exposure systems used for data acquisition during the exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) fields in bioelectromagnetic investigations. Such a kind of system will be referred to as real-time and can be defined as an EM structure (waveguide or antenna) able to generate and control a known and reproducible EM field and suitable to be used in experiments where data

Common real-time applications are usually based on programs that function within a time frame that the user senses as immediate and which require what is called real-time computing (RTC). In biomedicine the real-time concept is applied to both fast calculation of some parameters of biomedical significance (Seong et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2011) and the experimental acquisition of physiological data simultaneously with a correlated event (Li et

In this context, real-time exposure systems are used to acquire fast biological responses, typically in the order of milliseconds, simultaneously with the exposure to EM fields, in order to study possible health effects due to EM exposure. Usually the responses to be recorded are electrophysiological signals as cellular currents (mA) or membrane potentials (mV); they need to be acquired through a sophisticated instrumentation made of microscopes, patch-clamp recording electrodes, temperature sensors, which fix strict and

The introduction of this kind of systems has been made necessary due to the need to better investigate the coupling of RF EM fields with learning and memory in both animal models and humans. Neurons, which are at the basis of brain functioning, are electrically active cells. Their electric fields are maintained and controlled by a wide variety of biochemical and metabolic processes. In neurons, fundamental functions such as neurotransmitter release, enzyme activation, intracellular signal transduction, and gene expression are critically dependent on electrical signals. Therefore it has been postulated several times a

defined requirements to the design and optimization of the exposure system.

possible coupling of their electrical activity with a RF EM field.

acquisition has to be carried out simultaneously with the exposure (Paffi et al., 2010).

**1. Introduction**

al., 2010; Voyvodic et al., 2011).

**for Bio-Physical Data Acquisition**

Giorgio A. Lovisolo2 and Micaela Liberti1

*1Sapienza University of Rome* 

*2RC Casaccia, ENEA* 

