**2. HMIPv6/MPLS integration**

In response to the demands of multimedia services on existing mobile systems, cellular areas will have a smaller radius in order to support higher throughput, ensuring acceptable error rates. Having small cells means that the MN can cross borders more frequently and signalling capacity will increase rapidly. In this section, we will integrate HMIPv6 and MPLS. The architecture used is the proposal by Robert Hsieh. We use us the scenario base (R. Hsieh) and then increasing the number nodes and flow of traffic in order to analyse the scalability of this integration. We analyse the relationship between the different metrics and the number nodes, the main idea is that in an handover the metrics of quality of service will be optimized or by default it's were not degraded. The metrics used were: delay, jitter, send and received packets and throughput. This metrics were chosen because they are most sensitive in a handover.

In other work, was evaluating the HMIPv6/MPLS integration, this works were tested in different scenarios [2,],[8],[9],[10] the integrations were HMIPv6/MPLS/RSVP and the simulation scenario was made in a LAN and WAN networks. In these integrations, the RSVP protocol was used as signalling protocol while hierarchical MPLS nodes were used to achieve interoperability of HMIPv6 and MPLS.

The results obtained in [2],[8],[9],[10] showed that this interoperability is a good alternative to provide QoS in LAN and WLAN networks. In order to better the load signalisation in a handover, in case of Binding Update the HMIPv6/MPLS was used as preliminary work with the idea of future integration FHMIPv6/MPLS and FHMIPv6/MPLS in Ad hoc networks.
