**1.2 Requirements of LTE/SAE**

Some of the most important requirements of LTE/SAE are:


Mechamisms to Provide Quality of Service on 4G New Generation Networks 3

Since MPLS is a standard solution, it also reduces the operational complexity between IP networks and gives IP advanced, routing capabilities in order to use traffic-engineering

The extensions of the IPv6 protocol were designed to migrate IPv6 to mobile environments. There are several extensions of IPv6 designed with this purpose. We have chosen the following IPv6 extensions: HMIPv6, FHMIPv6 and FHAHMIPv6, The first and second extensions were designed to be used at micro-level mobility, because the signalling, lad at this level is higher, With regards to the FHAMIPv6 protocol, this is a protocol that we have

So far, we have briefly described what LTE/SAE consists of, the current requirements that have to be met to become the 4G standard and the most relevant concepts related to MPLS. Let us now look into the importance of supporting the LTE/SAE core with IP/MPLS.

The use of MPLS on LTE allows reusing much of 2G and 3G technologies, which means a low cost per bit. In addition, MPLS can handle the IP requirements for the wide range of services it supports. MPLS also supports any topology, including star, tree and mesh. On the other hand, IPv6/MPLS can give IP advanced traffic engineering, ensuring that traffic is properly prioritised according to its characteristics (voice, data, video, etc.) and the routes through the network are set up to prevent link failures. The use of differentiated services is also an important feature of MPLS, since Forwarding Equivalent Class (FEC) can perform different treatments to the services provided by IP, including an eventual integration with

In addition, because MPLS creates virtual circuits before starting the data transmission and uses special labelling, it is possible to deliver a better level of security when packets experience higher rates of transmission and processing, since the forwarding is performed according to the label without routing algorithms. This is another important aspect of IPv6/MPLS in order to meet the requirements related to the throughput. Finally, MPLS promotes the simplification of the integration architecture of IP and ATM and improves the users' QoS experience providing redundant paths to different FECs to prevent packet loss.

Service providers and network operators want to ensure that their Radio Access Network (RAN) is able to support current technologies such as GSM and UMTS and new technologies such as LTE and WIMAX. At the same time, future broadband requirements must be met in an efficient and effective way. That is why service providers are choosing solutions based on IPv6/MPLS. This technology can fulfil current and future needs while

It is important to point out that the standard WIMAX and advanced WIMAX or mobile WIMAX, which is part of the evolution of IEEE (802.11, 802.16, etc.), complies with the requirements for 4G standard. WIMAX (802.16) can operate in both the core and access

The following figure shows how the transition to IPv6/MPLS will be as part of LTE.

designed to provide hierarchical addresses support in an ad hoc network.

Diffserv. This contributes to provide a better quality of service (QoS).

techniques that were only possible on ATM.

**1.4 IPv6 extensions** 

**1.5 IPv6/MPLS on LTE/SAE** 

reducing costs.

networks with IPv6/MPLS.

Reasonable energy consumption.

In addition to the requirements mentioned above, there would be other important requirements as part of the standard, such as throughput optimising, latency reduction and end-to-end QoS for both the core and the access networks. In order to improve these conditions, we have considered the handover a priority. One of the key elements in the all-IP concept is the MPLS protocol as a fundamental part of all IPv6/MPLS architecture to provide quality of service to access networks and core network since it will be compatible with other architectures in the next generation mobile networks.
