**2.2 Sample standalone village power system**

The sample standalone distributed (hybrid) electric power system used in this analysis consists of four DEGs rated at 235 kW, 190 kW, 190 kW, and 140 kW. The average electrical load is 95 kW with a minimum of 45 kW and a maximum of 150 kW. One DEG is sufficient to supply the village load. Currently, a PV array and a WTG are not installed in the system. In order to analyze the long-term performance of the system while integrating a PV array, a WTG, and a battery bank, simulations were performed using HARPSim for a PV-dieselbattery system, a wind-diesel-battery system, and a PV-wind-diesel-battery system. The simulation results were compared with those predicted by the HOMER software. The system performance is analyzed by incorporating a 100 kWh absolyte IIP battery bank, a 12 kW PV array, a 65 kW 15/50 AOC WTG, and a 100 kVA bi-directional power converter.

Energy-Efficient Standalone Fossil-Fuel Based

Hybrid Power Systems Employing Renewable Energy Sources 125

same efficiency equations are independent of the rating of the electric generators. The values for the electrical efficiency ηel of the generator and the mechanical load 'Leng' on the engine

> (pf - 0.8) 0.2 ( - ) <sup>+</sup> el1 el2

el gen

L

 

0 44

(3)

 

100

kW <sup>A</sup> Fc <sup>0</sup> <sup>5</sup> Leng *. \_ . \* \* .*

*\** (1)

(2)

for any given power factor 'pf' are determined using linear interpolation as follows:

L

eng

el el2

Fig. 3. Typical efficiency for an electric generator.

Fig. 4. Typical fuel consumption curve for DEG.

and

The linear fit for the diesel engine fuel curve is given as
