**2.1 Simulators with different scopes**

According to the training objectives and the available hardware, there are different types of simulators; a brief review of them is done in the next sections.

Fossil Fuel Power Plant Simulators for Operator Training 95

Item 1980s Latest 1990s Nowadays

Computer Gould/Encore Workstation Local Area Network of

and

System MPX-32 Unix TRU64 Windows XP/Windows 7

Diagrams

Fortran and C compilers Oracle DB GE DataViews

Upgrade of 300 MW fossil fuel Update of 350 MW

fossil fuel

Control Boards

Interactive Process

Personal Computers

Interactive Process

Fortran and C compilers MS Access/SQL Server MS Visual Studio Adobe Flash

350 MW coal fired power

450 MW combined cycle

Diagrams

plant

power plant

Fig. 3. Simulator with interactive process diagrams.

300 MW fossil fuel (no DCS) power plant 350 MW fossil fuel (with DCS) power plant

Table 1. Evolution of hardware and software platforms.

Any operative action feasible in the actual plant.

Typical operations to carry out by the trainees in a simulator are:

Unit start-up from cold iron or hot standby up to nominal power.

Turning, acceleration and synchronization of the turbine-generator group.

HMI Control Boards

Software Fortran compiler

Boiler pressurization.

Unit shutdown.

Main

Operative

Examples of simulators
