**3.2.11 Biogeochemical cycles**

Climate change may have an effect on the carbon cycle in an interactive "feedback" process. Using the A2 SRES emissions scenario, Schneider *et al.* (2007:789) found that this effect led to additional warming by 2100, relative to the 1990–2000 period, of 0.1–1.5 °C. This estimate was made with high confidence. The climate projections made in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report of 1.1–6.4 °C account for this feedback effect. On the other hand, with medium confidence, Schneider *et al.* (2007) commented that additional releases of GHGs were possible from permafrost, peat lands, wetlands, and large stores of marine hydrates at high latitudes.

Global Trends of Fossil Fuel Reserves and Climate Change in the 21st Century 189

 World Health Organization (WHO, 2009) estimated to have been responsible for 3% of diarrhea, 3% of malaria, and 3.8% of dengue fever deaths worldwide in 2004. Total attributable mortality was about 0.2% of deaths in 2004; of these, 85% were child deaths. Approximately 20 to 30% of plant and animal species would likely be at increasingly high risk of extinction when global mean temperatures exceed a warming of 2 to 3 °C above pre-industrial temperature levels. As global average temperature exceeds 4 °C above pre-industrial levels, there could be significant extinctions (40-70% of species that

Beyond the year 2050, climate change may be the major driver for biodiversity loss globally. The climate problem affects everyone, and everyone has a stake in deciding what should be done. It is for you to decide what actions you should take as an individual (in your home, your car, and so forth). Equally important, as a citizen you must decide which policies to support or

Authors indebted to extend their thanks to the Management of School of Management Sciences, Technical Campus, Lucknow and Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur

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**5. Acknowledgments** 

**6. References** 

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