**4. Conventional formulations and novel approaches in dermal and transdermal delivery of NSAIDs**

Conventional dosage forms of NSAIDs which are commercially available and and possible novel carrier systems of NSAIDs to improve their dermal and transdermal delivery are summarized in Fig.

Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the novel and conventional dermal drug delivery systems.

### **4.1 Conventional formulations**

The classical dosage forms of NSAIDs for dermal use that are commercially available are usually gels, creams, ointments and lotions. Table 4 gives a list of NSAIDs which have commercial dermal preparations.


Table 4. Commerical dermal formulations of NSAIDs (Micromedex, electronic version, Rx MediaPharma 2011).
