**Meet the editors**

Dr Show Kuan Yeow is currently serving as Professor and Head, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia. He is also serving as Chair, SP Setia Professor of Environmental Engineering & Green Technology. He has been involved in numerous industrial R&D projects and serving as a

consultant in Singapore, Taiwan, China, Vietnam and Malaysia. He has received several professional awards, including the prestigious National Technology Award in Singapore, an US Patent 6793822 and an International Patent WO 2003/070649 on a biogranulation technology for wastewater treatment. He has published over 140 technical papers in refereed international journals and conferences, 70 research reports and short courses, 2 journal/book editorships, 1 co-authored book and 18 book chapters. A citation record search by Scopus on Dr Show's journal publications indicated a total citation count of 872 and an h-index score of 16.

Dr Guo Xinxin was born in Jilin, China. After completing a bachelor degree in Environmental Chemistry at Jilin University, She went to the UK for further study and obtained a master degree in Environmental Sciences from University of Nottingham, UK, in 2004, and then she did a PhD in University of East Anglia to study the aerosol chemistry of phenols in the atmosphere. In 2010, she

joined the Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia. She currently holds the position of Assistant Professor at the Department of Environmental Engineering. Her research interests include indoor and outdoor air pollution, chemistry of atmospheric aerosols, chemistry of organic acids and metal-organic complexes in the atmosphere, but now she concentrates on atmospheric surfactants, their characteristics, concentration, composition and sources around the tin mine lakes ecosystems in Malaysia.

Contents

**Preface IX** 

Chapter 1 **Industrial Discharge and Their Effect to the Environment 1** 

Wang Yun-Hai, Chen Qing-Yun, Li Guo and Li Xiang-Lin

**of Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion 91** 

Y.C. Ho, K.Y. Show, X.X. Guo, I. Norli, F.M. Alkarkhi Abbas and N. Morad

**Effluents on Soil-Plant Health 53** 

Chapter 5 **Finite-Dimensional Methods for Optimal Control** 

Ellina Grigorieva, Natalia Bondarenko, Evgenii Khailov and Andrei Korobeinikov

Solange I. Mussatto, Lina F. Ballesteros, Silvia Martins and José A. Teixeira

Marko Likon and Polonca Trebše

**Efficiency for Electrochemical Oxidation of Toxic Organics in Waste Water 33** 

Chapter 4 **Recent Advances in Paper Mill Sludge Management 73** 

**in Solid-State Fermentation Processes 121** 

**of Pozzolanic Materials – A Review 141** 

P. Urmeneta, B. García, E. Prieto and V. Oroz

**on Industrial Waste of Mines in Ghana 151**  Samuel Awuah-Nyamekye and Paul Sarfo-Mensah

Chapter 2 **Anodic Materials with High Energy** 

Chapter 3 **Impact of Sewage and Industrial** 

Rajinder Singh Antil

Chapter 6 **Use of Agro-Industrial Wastes** 

Chapter 7 **Types of Waste for the Production** 

Chapter 8 **Mining or Our Heritage?** 

A. Seco, F. Ramirez, L. Miqueleiz,

**Indigenous Local People's Views** 

## Contents

#### **Preface XI**



## Preface

Ever since the Industrial Revolution, industrial activities have been accompanied by a problem: industrial waste. The commensurate increase in industrialization, urbanization and population growth are leading to production of enormous quantities of industrial wastes that may cause degradation in environment and health hazards. On the other hand, the desire for a healthy environment increases, which leads to the need for better ways of waste minimization, pollution prevention and better use of resources in achieving the required industrial and environmental standards.

This book is intended to fulfil the need for state-of-the-art development on the industrial wastes from different types of industries. Most of the chapters are based upon the ongoing research, how the different types of wastes are most efficiently treated and minimized, technologies of wastes control and abatement, and how they are released to the environment and their associated impact. A few chapters provide updated review summarizing the status and prospects of industrial waste problems from different perspectives. The book is comprehensive and not limited to a partial discussion of industrial waste, so the readers are acquainted with the latest information and development in the area, where different aspects are considered. The user can find both introductory material and more specific material based on interests and problems. For additional questions or comments, the users are encouraged to contact the authors.

The book was a result of effort by many experts from different industrial disciplines in the world. We would like to acknowledge the authors for their contributions to the book and we would also appreciate the assistance from Ms Vana Persen throughout the whole publishing process. We hope that this book will be helpful for graduate students, environmental professionals, engineers, researchers, or policy makers.

#### **Dr. Kuan-Yeow Show**

Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia

#### **Dr. Xinxin Guo**

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (Perak Campus), Jalan University, Bandar Barat, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia

**1** 

**Industrial Discharge** 

*1Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman* 

*2Universiti Sains Malaysia* 

*Malaysia* 

Y.C. Ho1, K.Y. Show1, X.X. Guo1, I. Norli2, F.M. Alkarkhi Abbas2 and N. Morad2

**and Their Effect to the Environment** 

Industrialization has become an important factor to the development of a country's economy, through the establishment of plants and factories. However, the waste or by-products discharged from them are severely disastrous to the environment consists various kind of contaminant which contaminate the surface water, ground water and soil. There are a number of reasons the waste are not safely treated. One of the reasons is mainly due to the lacking of highly efficient and economic treatment technology. The focus of this chapter is to give a detail illustration at the effect of industrial discharge and on the environment and human health. Some corrective actions shall also be illustrated in the later part of this chapter, to overcome the contamination of industrial discharge. The content of this chapter will be as follows:-

In section 2, there is an illustration of the source and types of industrial contaminants in many parts of the world. It is essential to understand the characteristic of industrial discharge in order to have an idea for ways to reduce or remove the contaminants for a

It is required to understand the impacts of industrial waste to the environment (freshwater, seawater, land) in order to design highly efficient treatment and developing effective remedial methods. Section 3-5 explains how such contamination is going to affect living

Section 6 depicts the possible health problem which caused by the contaminant from industrial discharge. Some of the contaminants merely cause mild discomfort to human being, while others might be detrimental to human health. The latter is usually caused by

Section 7 discusses the treatments to the contaminant. Corrective actions that can be taken to solve the current environmental issue caused by industrial discharge are discussed as well. Currently, many researchers all over the world use remediation which is a method using biological agent in treating the contaminant in surface water, groundwater and land. Hence, various bioremediation and phytoremediation case studies are also outlined in this section. Suggestion of some future work can be done on the industrial discharge is included in

organism, as well as, abiotic compartment such as sediment through case studies.

**1. Introduction** 

sustainable tomorrow.

carcinogenic contaminants.

section 8 as part of the summary to this book chapter.
