**Section 4**

**Grid Applications** 

28 Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH

178 Grid Computing – Technology and Applications, Widespread Coverage and New Horizons

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**0**

**9**

<sup>2</sup>*CERN*

<sup>1</sup>*Czech Republic* <sup>2</sup>*Switzerland*

**Grid Computing in High Energy**

The High Energy Physics (HEP) [1] – often called Particle Physics – is one of the research areas where the accomplishment of scientific results is inconceivable without the infrastructure for distributed computing, the Computing Grid. The HEP is a branch of Physics that studies properties of elementary subatomic constituents of matter. It goes beyond protons and neutrons to study particles which existed only a fraction of a second after the Big Bang and quarks and gluons in the so-called Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) [2]. These studies are based on experiments with particles colliding at very high energies, at speeds almost equal to the

The world's leading Particle Physics research laboratory is CERN [3], the European Center for Nuclear and Particle Physics near Geneva, Switzerland. The CERN latest particle accelerator (see Fig. 1), the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [4], installed in a 27 km long tunnel located about 100 m underground and crossing the Swiss - French border, uses counter-rotating beams of protons or lead ions (Pb) to collide at 4 points, inside large particle detectors: ALICE [5], ATLAS [6], CMS [7] and LHCb [8]. There are also another two smaller experiments, TOTEM [9] and LHCf [10]. These are much smaller in size and are designed to focus on

**1. Introduction**

speed of light.

Fig. 1. LHC@CERN

**Physics Experiments**

Dagmar Adamová<sup>1</sup> and Pablo Saiz<sup>2</sup> <sup>1</sup>*Nuclear Physics Institute, Rež near Prague ˇ*
