**6. Conclusions**

e-Infrastructure progress in the last years in India impacted considerably in the evolution of grid computing with a significant benefit for scientific applications. Internal and international connectivity scaled up by two orders of magnitude, the National Grid Initiative moved from proof-of-concept to operational phase and essential services as a national grid certification authority, interoperability tools, MPI support, were established. This created the essential conditions for an effective use of these services by applications and the development of international cooperation in several strategic scientific areas.

Europe has a long-term, coordinated and shared e-Infrastructures R&D vision, mission, strategy, roadmap and funding, driven by the European Commission's Framework Programmes.

As clearly stated in the latest e-Infrastructures Roadmap released by the e-Infrastructures Reflection Group (e-IRG,2010), the fundamental contribution of research e-Infrastructure to European competitiveness is almost universally acknowledged. Sustainable and integrated networking, grid, data and high performance and commodity computing services are now essential tools for 40 million users in research and academia across Europe. The same document also remarks: Increasingly, new and diverse user communities are relying on e-Infrastructure services; as such, the common e-Infrastructure must cater to new and updated requirements. This junction between leading-edge research and the e-Infrastructure that supports it is an area where considerable socio-economic benefits can be realised.

This vision is also present in the Government of India policy driven by the Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to Government of India. Thanks to this action a major e-Infrastructure programme, based on the Indian National Knowledge Network Project (NKN) has been launched and provides the high-speed network backbone to the Indian grid infrastructures as GARUDA NGI and the regional component of the LHC Computing Grid.

These developments are expected to impact in a substantial way on research applications in strategic and socially relevant domains as eHealth, climate change, study of of seismic hazard. For eHealth Europe and India are moving the first steps for the cooperation of e-Infrastructure-based neuroscience projects.

Climate simulation exploitation on Euro-Indian infrastructures is in perspective the driving application to integrate a mixed HPC/HTC paradigm across India and Europe. The variety and the complexity of the simulations that could be performed by means of regional climate can provide a dataset of unprecedented quality to assess the potential of global warming effects on the South Asia region and associated uncertainties, in particular as they relate to 306 Grid Computing – Technology and Applications, Widespread Coverage and New Horizons

integrated system, with high scientific and technological content, for the definition of scenarios of ground shaking, providing in the same time to the local community (local authorities and engineers) advanced information for seismic and tsunami risk mitigation in the study region. Advanced services for the use of the computational resources will be developed, integrating the seismological computer codes inside the grid infrastructure of the EU-IndiaGrid Project. Synthetic seismograms, and the related ground shaking maps and microzonation analyses (that define the seismic input) will be generated using the above-

e-Infrastructure progress in the last years in India impacted considerably in the evolution of grid computing with a significant benefit for scientific applications. Internal and international connectivity scaled up by two orders of magnitude, the National Grid Initiative moved from proof-of-concept to operational phase and essential services as a national grid certification authority, interoperability tools, MPI support, were established. This created the essential conditions for an effective use of these services by applications and

Europe has a long-term, coordinated and shared e-Infrastructures R&D vision, mission, strategy, roadmap and funding, driven by the European Commission's Framework

As clearly stated in the latest e-Infrastructures Roadmap released by the e-Infrastructures Reflection Group (e-IRG,2010), the fundamental contribution of research e-Infrastructure to European competitiveness is almost universally acknowledged. Sustainable and integrated networking, grid, data and high performance and commodity computing services are now essential tools for 40 million users in research and academia across Europe. The same document also remarks: Increasingly, new and diverse user communities are relying on e-Infrastructure services; as such, the common e-Infrastructure must cater to new and updated requirements. This junction between leading-edge research and the e-Infrastructure that supports it is an area where considerable socio-economic benefits can be realised.

This vision is also present in the Government of India policy driven by the Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to Government of India. Thanks to this action a major e-Infrastructure programme, based on the Indian National Knowledge Network Project (NKN) has been launched and provides the high-speed network backbone to the Indian grid infrastructures as GARUDA NGI and the regional component of the LHC Computing Grid. These developments are expected to impact in a substantial way on research applications in strategic and socially relevant domains as eHealth, climate change, study of of seismic hazard. For eHealth Europe and India are moving the first steps for the cooperation of e-

Climate simulation exploitation on Euro-Indian infrastructures is in perspective the driving application to integrate a mixed HPC/HTC paradigm across India and Europe. The variety and the complexity of the simulations that could be performed by means of regional climate can provide a dataset of unprecedented quality to assess the potential of global warming effects on the South Asia region and associated uncertainties, in particular as they relate to

the development of international cooperation in several strategic scientific areas.

mentioned advanced services.

Infrastructure-based neuroscience projects.

**6. Conclusions** 

Programmes.

simulation aspects relevant to water, food and health security. Such an ambitious task clearly requires in the near future a seamless approach to both HPC and HTC infrastructures. Our experience and work described can be regarded as the starting point for such integration where the key role will be played by data management.

A similar line of reasoning could also be applied to the seismic hazard applications: in this moment EU-IndiaGrid computing infrastructure enables more detailed and complex computational investigations otherwise not possible. In perspective however the complexity of the simulation can easily grow when a 2D and 3D approaches will be used At this point, once again HPC resources will be needed and the seamless usage of them within the same Grid infrastructure will be necessary. Seismic hazard has some interesting perspective also for a future cloud computing exploitation with possible links to industry exploitation as well. The idea is to setup an advanced service where seismic hazard maps could be easily and seamlessly provided on demand could be of great appeal for industry players.

We remark as final note that the EU-IndiaGrid and EU-IndiaGrid2 projects played a crucial role in promoting fruitful international collaboration in grid computing involving Europe, India and Asia-Pacific countries. It is expected that driving key applications (like Climate simulations) established in the course of the project will enhance further such cooperation and extend it to HPC infrastructure as well.
