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However, it has been demonstrated that when the intake pressure increases of 1 bar, maximal cylinder gas pressure increases about 40 bars. Considering that this maximal cylinder gas pressure needs to stay below a certain threshold for reliability reasons, the intake pressure is limited to 4 bars for the low loads and 3 bars for the high loads, as shown in Figure 14. This is a very big problem because that means that we have two

The storage pressure is around four bars, witch means the volume needed to have

The storage pressure is high enough to have acceptable volume, but the air is expanded

 If the expansion happens through an orifice, a very high temperature drop occurs; the gas looses its entropy, and the global efficiency (energy discharged/energy

 If the expansion happens through an air motor or air turbine, then it would be more efficient to expand the air until atmospheric pressure without any pneumatic

Other concepts of pneumatic hybrid Diesel engine are being studied to solve this

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stored) would be very low.

options:

problem.

**5. Nomenclature**  *p* Pressure *T* Temperature *u* Internal energy *h* Enthalpy

 Crank angle *V* Volume *Q* Flow *q* Heat *P* Power

 Efficiency *N* Rotational speed

*x* Faction *m* Mass *A* Area

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