**9. References**


Patients classified with high-risk prostate cancer, by commonly used definitions, are at increased risk of PSA failure, need for secondary therapy, metastatic progression, and death from systemic disease. Nevertheless, such high risk patients do not have a uniformly poor




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**7** 

*Italy* 

**High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) - An** 

Umberto Maestroni and Francesco Ziglioli

*Department of Urology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma* 

**Alternative Choice in Prostate Cancer Treatment** 

Prostate cancer is considered one of the most discussed topics in male health with an

In Europe, it is the most common solid neoplasm with an incidence rate of 214 cases per 100,000 men1. The increasing life expectancy and the more and more widespread use of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) are probably the two most important reasons why more patients are diagnosed with prostate cancer. In Europe, 2,6 million new cases of prostate cancer are yearly observed (11% of male cancer diagnosis), responsible for 9% of deaths for

Radical surgery represents the treatment of choice in clinically localized prostate cancer and in > 10 year life expectancy prostate cancer. Nevertheless, radical surgery itself may be

Mini-invasive procedure development, such as three-dimensional external radiotherapy, brachytherapy or cryotherapy, especially in elderly or anaesthetically high risk patients,

HIFU (High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound) is a new and alternative choice in localized and

For a variety of reasons, transrectal HIFU appears highly attractive as a minimally invasive treatment for localized prostate cancer. It is a method of delivering ultrasonic energy with resultant heat and tissue destruction to a discrete point without damaging intervening tissue or cells. HIFU has been used for the management of patients diagnosed with various types of cancer, including prostate, breast, liver, pancreas, kidney, bone, and

It has been shown in canines and humans that HIFU is capable of ablating prostatic tissue

One of the first investigators who experimented the application of the technique to human

Early studies considered focused ultrasound as a potential technique for neurosurgery (Lynn, 1942; Warwick and Pond, 1968). A significant development was the construction of

precision apparatus suitable for human treatment by Fry et al. in 1958.

**1. Introduction** 

male cancer cases.

soft tissue.

**2. Experimental studies** 

both contact and irradiation free6,7.

beings has been S. Madersbacher8.

important social impact on the quality of life.

considered a high morbility treatment2.

represents a useful treatment in prostate cancer.

low or intermediate-risk prostate cancer treatment3-5.

