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**0**

**4**

*New Zealand*

**Validity and Reliability of a Hand-Held**

An important component of physical therapy is to conduct assessment of a patient's mobility

The purposes of this study were to investigate the possibility of measuring dynamic muscle strength using a new hand-held device and to assess its validity and reliability. If proven valid and reliable, this device will provide a practical tool for physical therapists to perform

The current standard clinical evaluation and diagnostic tool for muscle strength assessment is the manual muscle testing (MMT) method, using a 5-point grading scale (Clarkson (2000); Petty (2011)). Although it has been a clinically useful tool for over forty years, its accuracy and reliability remains questionable (Cuthbert & Goodheart (2007); Frese et al. (1987)).

To overcome the limitations of the MMT, isometric hand-held dynamometers (HHD) have been developed to aid therapists in clinics (Andrews (1991)). HHDs are generally small and portable, and measure strength objectively in kilograms, pounds or newtons. The clinician holds the HHD between his or her force-applying hand and the patient's limb segment. The clinician stabilises the limb segment while encouraging the patient to exert as much force against the device as possible and the maximum force is recorded by the HHD. Such devices have been proven to have good to excellent reliability in different populations (Andrews (1991); Bohannon & Andrews (1987); Stark et al. (2011)). In a single test, however, they can assess the strength of a patient at only one joint angle, rather than through the patient's entire ROM. Although this technique provides a crucial tool for clinical quantification of joint strength at a fixed static position (isometric), it cannot measure properties from dynamic

Isokinetic dynamometers, such as the Cybex (USA) or the Biodex (USA), are considered as the gold standard in simultaneous strength and angle measurements for the evaluation of dynamic muscular performance (Kannus (1994); Baltzopoulos & Brodie (1989); Osternig (1986); Lund et al. (2005); Drouin et al. (2004)). Strength profiles showing instantaneous torque versus joint angle are generated and a number of properties such as dynamic peak torque, peak torque angle, angle-specific torque, power, and energy used can be determined. The dynamic strength profiles can also be used to detect weaknesses over small

including muscle strength and joint range of motion (ROM).

dynamic muscle assessment in a clinical setting.

muscle performance assessments.

**1. Introduction**

**Dynamometer for Dynamic Muscle**

<sup>2</sup>*Burwood Academy of Independent Living, Christchurch*

**Strength Assessment**

Lan Le-Ngoc<sup>1</sup> and Jessica Janssen<sup>2</sup> <sup>1</sup>*Industrial Research Ltd, Christchurch*

