**5. References**


infrared radiation and by the thermal sensors are compared in this study. By these results, readers can understand that both of the data could be calibrated with each other if the package of the chip is chosen properly. Meanwhile, authors would like show also that the thermal test chip designed and proposed would be capable to evaluate the thermal properties and thermal characteristics of the packages if desired. In the 3D design of the stacking dies, the thermal measurement and verification are getting much more important. This research may give a direction or inspiration for the engineers to investigate the

Beigne, E.; Clermidy, F.; Miermont, S.; and Vivet, P. (2008). Dynamic voltage and frequency

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cores in a 3D-stacked networkon- chip with thermal-aware redistribution, *Proceedings of 12th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITHERM)*, ISBN: 978-1-4244-5342-9, Las Vegas,

for 3D ICs, *Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)*,

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**5. References** 

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**3** 

*México* 

**Carbon Nanotube- and Graphene Based** 

Rafael Vargas-Bernal and Gabriel Herrera-Pérez *Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato (ITESI),* 

**Devices, Circuits and Sensors for VLSI Design** 

With the reduction in power consumption and size chip, the electronic industry has been searching novel strategies to overcome these constraints with an optimal performance. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) due to their extremely desirable electrical and thermal properties have been considered for their applicability in VLSI Design. CNTs are defined as sheets of graphene rolled up as hollow cylinders. They can basically be classified into two groups: single-walled (SWNTs) and multi-walled (MWNTs) as shown in Figure 1. SWNTs have one shell or wall and whose diameter ranging from 0.4 to 4 nm, while MWNTs contain several concentric shells and their diameter ranging from several nanometers to tens of nanometers.

Fig. 1. Types of carbon nanotubes: single-walled nanotube (SWNT) and multiple-walled

The electrical properties the SWNTs can be either of metallic or semiconducting materials depending on their chirality, that is, the direction in which they get rolled up. However, MWNTs are always metallic materials. The main applications of carbon nanotubes in

**1. Introduction** 

nanotube (MWNT).

Xu, G. (2006). Thermal nodeling of multi-core processors, *Proceedings of 10th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITHERM)*, ISBN: 0-7803-9524-7, San Diego, CA., USA., May 2006, pp. 96-100.
