**7. References**


The Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate and Its Products for Prevention of Cancer 357

Altan, A. & Maskan, M. (2005). Rheological Behavior of Pomegranate (P*unica granatum* L.)

Al-Zoreky, N.S. (2009). Antimicrobial Activity of Pomegranate (*Punica granatum* L.) Fruit

Amakura, Y., Okada, M., Tsuji, S. & Tonogai, Y. (2000). Determination of Phenolic Acids in

Amin, A.R.M.R., Kucuk, O., Khuri, F.R. & Shin, D.M. (2009). Perspectives for Cancer

Aruoma, O. I. (1998). Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants in Human Health

Aslam, M.N., Lansky, E.P. & Varani, J. (2006). Pomegranate as a Cosmeceutical Source:

Attard, G., Sarker, D., Reid, A., Molife, R., Parker, C. & de Bono, J.S. (2006). Improving the

Aviram, M., Dornfeld, L., Rosenblat, M., Volkova, N., Kaplan, M., Coleman, R., Hayek, T.,

Badenes, M.L., Martínez-Calvo, J. & Llácer, G. (1998). Analysis of Apricot Germplasm from

Bagri, P., Ali, M., Aeri, V., Bhowmik, M., Sultana, S. (2009). Antidiabetic Effect of *Punica* 

Basu, A. & Penugonda, K. (2009). Pomegranate Juice: A Heart-Healthy Fruit Juice. *Nutrition* 

Batta, A.K. & Rangaswami, S. (1973). Crystalline Chemical Components of Some Vegetable

Betanzos-Cabrera, G., Guerrero-Solano, J.A., Martínez-Pérez, M.M., Calderón-Ramos, Z.G.,

Drugs. *Phytochemistry,* Vol.12, No.1, pp.214-216, ISSN 0031-9422

*Ethnopharmacology*, Vol.103, No.3, pp.311–318, ISSN 0378-8741

*A,* Vol. 891, No.1, pp.183-188, ISSN 0021-9673.

2712-2725, ISSN 0732-183X

pp.1224-1228, ISSN 0278-6915

Vol.47, No.1-2, pp.50-54, ISSN 0278-6915

*Reviews,* Vol.67, No.1, pp.49-56, ISSN 0029-6643

4901

0168-1605

0003-021X

0920

0014-2336

Juice and Concentrate. *Journal of Texture Studies*, Vol.36, No.1, pp.68-77, ISSN 0022-

Peels. *International Journal of Food Microbiology,* Vol.134, No.3, pp.244–248, ISSN

Fruit Juices by Isocratic Column Liquid Chromatography. *Journal of Chromatography* 

Prevention with Natural Compounds. *Journal of Clinical Oncology*, Vol.27, No. pp.

and Disease. *Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society,* Vol.75, No.2, pp.199-212,

Pomegranate Fractions Promote Proliferation and Procollagen Synthesis and Inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Production in Human Skin Cells. *Journal of* 

Outcome of Patients with Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer through Rational Drug Development. *British Journal of Cancer*, Vol.95, No.7, pp.767-774, ISSN 0007-

Presser, D. & Fuhrman, B. (2000). Pomegranate Juice Consumption Reduces Oxidative Stress, Atherogenic Modifications to LDL and Platelet Aggregation: Studies in Humans and in Atherosclerotic Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. *The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*, Vol.71, No.5, pp.1062-1076, ISSN 0002-9165. Bachoual, R., Talmoudi, W., Boussetta, T., Braut, F. & El-Benna, J. (2011). An Aqueous

Pomegranate Peel Extract Inhibits Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase *in vitro* and Attenuates Lung Inflammation in Mice. *Food and Chemical Toxicology*, Vol.49, No.6,

the European Ecogeographical Group. *Euphytica,* Vol.102, No.1, pp.93-99, ISSN

*granatum* Flowers: Effect on Hyperlipidemia, Pancreatic Cells, Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzymes in Experimental Diabetes. *Food and Chemical Toxicology,*

Belefant-Miller, H. & Cancino-Diaz, J.C. (2011). Pomegranate Juice Increases Levels of Paraoxonase1 (PON1) Expression and Enzymatic Activity in Streptozotocin-


Adsule, R.N. & Patil, N.B. (1995). Pomegranate: In *Handbook of Fruit Science and Technology,*

Adsule, R.N., Kotecha, P.M. & Kadam, S.S. (1992). Preparation of Wine from Pomegranate.

Afaq, F. (2011). Natural Agents: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Photoprotection. *Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics,* Vol.508, No.2, pp.144-151, ISSN 0003-9861 Afaq, F., Saleem, M., Krueger, C.G., Reed, J.D. & Mukhtar, H. (2005). Anthocyanin- and

Afaq, F., Zaid, M.A., Khan, N., Dreher, M. & Mukhtar, H. (2009). Protective Effect of

Ahmed, S., Wang, N., Hafeez, B.B., Cheruvu, V.K. & Haqqi, T.M. (2005). *Púnica granatum L*.

in vitro. *Journal of Nutrition*, Vol.135, No.9, pp.2096-2102, ISSN 0022-3166 Akbarpour , V., Hemmati, K., Sharifani, M. & Sadr, Z.B. (2010). Multivariate Analysis of

Akiyama, H., Fujii, K., Yamasaki, O., Oono, T. & Iwatsuki, K. (2001). Antibacterial Action of

Akpinar-Bayizit, A. (2010). Analysis of Mineral Content in Pomegranate Juice by ICP-OES. *Asian Journal of Chemistry*, Vol.22, No.8, pp.6542-6546, ISSN 0970-7077 Alam, M.S., Alam, M.A., Ahmad, S., Najmi, A.K., Asif, M. & Jahangir, T. (2010). Protective

Albrecht, M., Jiang, W., Kumi-Diaka, J., Lansky, E.P., Gommersall, L.M., Patel, A., Mansel,

Al-Maiman, S.A. & Ahmad, D. (2002). Changes in Physical and Chemical Properties during

Alparslan, M. &Hayta, M. (2002). Rheological and Sensory Properties of Pekmez (grape

Al-Said, F.A., Opara, L.U. & Al-Yahyai, R.A. (2009). Physico-chemical and Textural Quality

Oman. *Journal of Food Engineering*, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 129-134, ISSN 0260-8774

*Mechanism and Methods,* Vol.20, No.9, pp.572-578, ISSN 1537-6516

*Journal of Cancer,* Vol.113, No.3, pp.423-333, ISSN 1097-0215.

New York

0625

620X

248, ISSN 1459-0255

pp.437-441, ISSN 0308-8146

pp.89-93, ISSN 0260-8774

Vol.48, No.4, pp. 487-491, ISSN 0305-7453

*Beverage Food World,* Vol.19, No.4, pp.13

Salunke, D.K. & Kadam, S.S. (Eds), pp. 455-464, ISBN 0824796438, Marcel Dekkar,

Hydrolyzable Tannin-rich Pomegranate Fruit Extract Modulates MAPK and NFkappaB Pathways and Inhibits Skin Tumorigenesis in CD-1 mice. *International* 

Pomegranate-Derived Products on UVB-Mediated Damage in Human Reconstituted Skin. *Experimental Dermatology,* Vol.18, No.6, pp.553-561, ISSN 1600-

Extracts Inhibits IL-lBeta-induced Expression of Matrix Metalloptoteinases by Inhibiting the Activation of MAP Kinases and NF-kappaB in Human Chondrocytes

Physical and Chemical Characteristics in Some Pomegranate (*Punica granatum*) Cultivars of Iran. *Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment,* Vol.8, No.1, pp.244-

Several Tannins Against *Staphylococcus aureus*. *Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy*,

Effects of *Punica granatum* in Experimentally-indoced Gastric Ulcers. *Toxicologicy* 

R.E., Neeman, I., Geldof, A.A. & Campbell, M.J. (2004). Pomegranate Extracts Potently Suppress Proliferation, Xenograft Growth, and Invasion of Human Prostate Cancer Cells. *Journal of Medicine Food,* Vol.7, No.3, pp.274-283, ISSN 1096-

Pomegranate (*Punica granatum* L.) Fruit Maturation. *Food Chemistry,* Vol.76, No.4,

molasses) / Tahin (sesame paste) blends. *Journal of Food Engineering.* Vol.54, No.1,

Attributes of Pomegranate Cultivars (*Punica granatum* L.) Grown in the Sultanate of


The Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate and Its Products for Prevention of Cancer 359

de Nigris, F., Williams-Ignarro, S., Botti, C., Sica, V., Ignarro, L.J., Napoli, C. (2006).

Dell'Agli, M., Galli, G.V., Corbett, Y., Taramelli, D., Lucantoni, L., Habluetzel, A., Maschi,

Demirozu, B., Sokmen, M., Ucak, A., Yilmaz, A. & Gulderen, S. (2002). Variation of Copper,

Duman, A.D., Ozgen, M., Dayisoylu, K.S., Erbil, N. & Durgac, C. (2009). Antimicrobial

Dumas, Y., Dadomo, M., Di Lucca, G. & Grolier, P. (2003). Effects of Environmental Factors

Elfalleh, W., Nasri, N., Marzougui, N., Thabti, I., M'Rabet, A., Yahya, Y., Lachiheb, B.,

El-Nemr, S.E., Ismail, I.A. & Ragab, M. (2006). Chemical Composition of Juice and Seeds of Pomegranate Fruit. *Die Nahrung*, Vol.34, No.7, pp.601-606, ISSN 1613-4133 Endo, E.H., Cortéz, D.A.G., Ueda-Nakamura, T., Nakamura, C.V. & Filho, B.P.D. (2010).

Evans, M.D., Dizdaroglu, M. & Cooke, M.S. (2004). Oxidative DNA Damage and Disease:

Fadavi, A., Barzegar, M., Azizi, M.H. & Bayat, M. (2005). Physicochemical Composition of

Fadavi, A., Barzegar, M. & Azizi, H.M. (2006). Determination of Fatty Acids and Total Lipid

*Technology International,* Vol.11, No.2, pp. 113-119, ISSN 1082-0132

*Composition and Analysis*, Vol.19, No.6-7, pp. 676-680, ISSN 0889-1575

*Research in Microbiology,* Vol.161, No.7, pp. 534-540, ISSN 0923-2508 Esmaillzadeh, A., Tahbaz, F., Gaieni, I., Alavi-Majd, H. & Azadbakht, L. (2006). Cholesterol-

*Nutrition Reserach,* Vol.76, No.3, pp.147-151, ISSN 0300-9831

*Science of Food and Agriculture,* Vol.83, No.5, pp.369-382, ISSN 0022-5142 Dutta, B.K., Rahman, I. & Das, T.K. (1998). Antifungal Activity of Indian Plant Extracts.

*Ethnopharmacology,* Vol.125, No.2, pp. 279-285, ISSN 0378-8741

*Toxicology,* Vol.69, No.3, pp.330-334, ISSN 1432-0800

*Mycoses*, Vol.41, No.11-12, pp. 535-536, ISSN 0933-7407

Vol.104, No.7, pp.936-942, ISSN 0002-9149

*Oxide,* Vol.15, No.3, pp.259-63

pp.1808-1817, ISSN 1420-3049

0963-7486

0027-5107

Pomegranate Juice on Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Men and Women at Moderate Risk for Coronary Heart Disease. *The American Journal of Cardiology*,

Pomegranate Juice Reduces Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein Downregulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Human Coronary Endothelial Cells. *Nitric* 

O., Caruso, D., Giavarini, F., Romeo, S., Bhattacharya, D. & Bosisio, E. (2009). Antiplasmodial Activity of *Punica granatum* L. Fruit Rind. *Journal of* 

Iron and Zinc Levels in Pekmez Products. *Bulletin of Enviromental Contamination and* 

activity of six pomegranate (*Punica granatum* L.) varieties and their relation to some of their pomological and phytonutrient characteristics. *Molecules,* Vol.14, No.3,

and Agricultural Techniques on Antioxidant Content of Tomatoes. *Journal of the* 

Guasmi, F. & Ferchichi, A. (2009). Physico-chemical Properties and DPPH-ABTS Scavenging Activity of Some Local Pomegranate (*Punica granatum*) Ecotypes. *International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition,* Vol.60, No.s2, pp.197-210, ISSN

Potent Antifungal Activity of Extracts and Pure Compound Isolated from Pomegranate Peels and Synergism with Fluconazole against *Candida albicans*.

lowering Effect ot Concentrated Pomegranate Juice Consumption in Type II Diabetic Patients with Hyperlipidemia. *International Journal for Vitamin and* 

induction, repair and significance. *Mutation Research*, Vol.567, No.1, pp.1-61, ISSN

Ten Pomegranate Cultivars (*Punica granatum* L.) Grown in Iran. *Food Science and* 

Content in Oilseed of 25 Pomegranates Varieties Grown in Iran. *Journal of Food* 

induced Diabetic Mice Fed with a High-fat Diet. *Food Research International*, Vol.44, No.5, pp.1381-1385, ISSN 0963-9969


Bialonska, D., Kasimsetty, S.G., Khan, S.I. & Ferreira, D. (2009a). Urolithins, Intestinal

Bialonska, D., Kasimsetty, S.G., Schrader, K.K. & Ferreira, D. (2009b). The Effect of

Boateng, J., Verghese, M., Shackleford, L., Walker, L.T., Khatiwada, J., Ogutu, S., Jones, J.,

Borochov-Neori, H., Judeinstein, S., Tripler, E., Harari, M., Greenberg, A., Shomer, I. &

Boukharta, M., Jalbert, G. & Castonguay, A. (1992). Efficacy of Ellagitannins and Ellagic

Braga, L.C., Leite, A A.M., Xavier, K.G.S., Takahashi, J.A., Bemquerer, M.P., Chartone-Souza,

Chaturvedula, V., Prakash, S. & Prakash, I. (2011). Bioactive Chemical Constituents from

Dahham, S.S., Ali, M.N., Tabassum, H. & Khan, M. (2010). Studies on Antibacterial and

Dai, Z., Nair, V., Khan, M. & Ciolino, H.P. (2010). Pomegranate Extracts Inhibits the

Das, A.K., Mandal, S.C., Banerjee, S.K., Sinha, S., Das, J., Saha, B.P. & Pal, M. (1999). Studies

Dauchet, L., Amouyet, P., & Dallongeville, J. (2005). Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and

Davidson, M.H., Maki, K.C., Dicklin, M.R., Feinstein, S. B., Witchger, M., Bell, M., McGuire,

*Agric. & Environ. Sci.,* Vol.9, No.3, pp.273-281, ISSN 1818-6769

*Ethnopharmacology*, Vol.68, No.1-3, pp.205-208, ISSN 0378-8741

vitro. *Oncology Reports,* Vol.24, No.4, pp.1087-1091, ISSN 1021-335X

*Chemical Toxicology,* Vol.45, No.5, pp.725-732, ISSN 0278-6915

*Analysis,* Vol.22, No.3, pp.189-195, ISSN 0889-1575

Vol.16, pp.245-249, ISSN 0242-8466

pp.1193-1197, ISSN 0028-3878

8561

Vol.51, No.7, pp.541-547, ISSN 0008-4l66

No.5, pp.1381-1385, ISSN 0963-9969

No.21, pp.10181-10186, ISSN 0021-8561

pp.8344-8349, ISSN 0021-8561

induced Diabetic Mice Fed with a High-fat Diet. *Food Research International*, Vol.44,

Microbial Metabolites of Pomegranate Ellagitannins, Exhibit Potent Antioxidant Activity in a Cell-Based Assay. *Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,* Vol.57,

Pomegranate (*Punica granatum* L.) by-products and Ellagitannins on the Growth of Human Gut Bacteria. *Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,* Vol.57, No.18,

Guyton, M., Asiamah, D., Henderson, F., Grant, L., DeBruce, M., Johnson, A., Washington, S. & Chawan, C.B. (2007). Selected Fruits Reduce Azoxymethane (AOM)-induced Aberrant Crypt foci (ACF) in Fisher 344 Male Rats. *Food and* 

Holland, D. (2009). Seasonal and Cultivar Variations in Antioxidant and Sensory Quality of Pomegranate (*Punica granatum L.*) Fruit. *Journal of Food Composition and* 

Acid as Cancer Chemo Preventive Agents. *Bulletin of Liaison-Group Polyphenols,* 

E., Nascimento, A.M.A. (2005). Synergic Interaction between Pomegranate Extract and Antibiotics against *Staphylococcus aureus*. *Canadian Journal of Microbiology,*

Pomegranate (*Punica granatum*) Juice, Seed and Peel-A Review. *International Journal of Research on Chemistry and Environment,* Vol.1, No.1, pp.1-18, ISSN 0306-7319 Chidambara Murthy, K.N., Jayaprakasha, G.K. & Singh, R.P. (2002). Studies on Antioxidant

Activity of Pomegranate *(Punica granatum)* Peel Extract Using *in vivo* Models*. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,* Vol.50, No.17, pp.4791-4795, ISSN 0021-

Antifungal Activity of Pomegranate (*Punica granatum L*.). *American-Eurasian J.* 

Proliferation and Viability of MMTV-Wnt-1 Mouse Mammary Cancer Stem Cells In

on Antidiarrheal Activity of *Punica granatum* Seed Extract in Rats. *Journal of* 

Risk of Stroke. A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies. Neurology, Vol.65, No.8,

D.K., Provost, J.C., Liker, H., Aviram, M. (2009). Effects of Consumption of

Pomegranate Juice on Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Men and Women at Moderate Risk for Coronary Heart Disease. *The American Journal of Cardiology*, Vol.104, No.7, pp.936-942, ISSN 0002-9149


The Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate and Its Products for Prevention of Cancer 361

Haidari, M., Ali, M., CasscellsIII, S.W. & Madjid, M. (2009). Pomegranate (*Punica granatum*)

Hamilton, C. A., Miller, W.H., Al-Benna, S., Brosnan, M. J., Drummond, R.D., Mcbride,

Heber, D. (2008). Multitargeted Therapy of Cancer by Ellagitannins. *Cancer Letters,* Vol.269,

Heinlein, C.A. & Chang, C. (2004). Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer. *Endocrine Reviews,*

Holetz, F.B., Pessini, G.L., Sanches, N.R., Cortez, D.A.G., Nakamura, C.V. & Filho, B.P.D.

Hong, M.Y., Seeram, N.P. & Heber, D. (2008). Pomegranate Polyphenols Down-regulate

Hora, J.J., Maydew, E.R., Lansky, E.P. & Dwivedi, C. (2003). Chemopreventive Effects of

Hu, F.B. (2003). Plant-based Foods and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: An overview. *The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,* Vol.78, No.3, pp.544−551, ISSN 0002-9165 Huang, T. H. W., Peng, G., Kota, B. P., Li, G. Q., Yamahara, J., Roufogalis, B. D. & Li, Y.

Huang, T. H. W., Peng, G., Kota, B. P., Li, G. Q., Yamahara, J., Roufogalis, B. D. & Li, Y.

Incedayi, B., Tamer, E.C. & Copur, U. (2010). A Research on the Composition of

Jadeja, R.N., Thounaojam, M.C., Patel, D.K., Devkar, R.V., Ramachandran, A.V. (2010).

*Pharmacology,* Vol.207, No.2, pp.160-169, ISSN 0041-008X

No.12, pp.1600-1604, ISSN 1028-8880

No.2, pp.262–268, ISSN 0304-3835

pp.1027-1031, ISSN 0074-0276

No.12, pp. 848-855, ISSN 0955-2863

generators-wtg-s-with-energy-storage

No.6, pp. 767-774, ISSN 1746-5381

No.2, pp.37-47, ISSN 1301-3165

180, ISSN: 1559-0259

Vol.25, No.2, pp.276-308, ISSN 0163-769X

*Disease,* Vol.24, No.3, pp.506-515, ISSN 0969-9961

Purified Polyphenol Extract Inhibits Influenza Virus and has a Synergistic Effect with Oseltamivir. *Phytomedicine,* Vol.16, No.12, pp.1127-1136, ISSN 0944-7113 Hajimahmoodi, M., Oveisi, M.R., Sadeghi, N., Jannat, B., Hajibabi, M., Farahani, E., Akrami,

M.R. & Namdar, R. (2008). Antioxidant Properties of Peel and Pulp Hydro Extract in Ten Persian Pomegranate Cultivars. *Pakistan Journal of Biological Science,* Vol.11,

M.W. & Dominiczak, A.F. (2004). Strategies to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Disease. *Clinical Science,* Vol.106, No.3, pp.219-234, ISSN 0143-5221 Hartman, R.E., Shah, A. & Fagan, A.M. (2006). Pomegranate Juice Decreases Amyloid Load

and Improves Behavior in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's disease. *Neurobiology of* 

(2002), Screening of Some Plants used in the Brazilian Folk Medicine for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases. *Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,* Vol.97, No.7,

Expression of Androgen-synthesizing Genes in Human Prostate Cancer Cells over Expressing the Androgen Receptor. *Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,* Vol.19,

Pomegranate Seed Oil on Skin Tumor Development in CD1 Mice. *Journal of Medicinal Food,* Vol.6, No.3, pp. 157-161, ISSN 1096-620X http://sciyo.com/articles/show/title/wind-power-integrating-wind-turbine-

(2005a). Pomegranate Flower Improves Cardiac Lipid Metabolism in a Diabetic Rat Model: Role of Lowering Circulating Lipids. *British Journal of Pharmacology*, Vol.145,

(2005b). Antidiabetic Action of *Punica granatum* Flower Extract: Activation of PPAR-gamma and Identification of an Active Component. *Toxicology and Applied* 

Pomegranate Molasses. *Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University,* Vol.24,

Pomegranate (*Punica granatum* L.) Juice Supplementation Attenuates Isoproterenolinduced Cardiac Nerosis in Rats. *Cardiovascular Toxicology,* Vol. 10, No:3, pp. 174-


Faria, A. & Calhau, C. (2010). Pomegranate in Human Health: An Overview. In: *Bioactive* 

Faria, A. & Calhau, C. (2011). The Bioactivity of Pomegranate: Impact on Health and

Festa, F., Aglitti, T., Duranti, G., Ricordy, R., Perticone, P. & Cozzi, R. (2001). Strong

George, J., Singh, M., Srivastava, A.K., Bhui, K. & Shukla, Y. (2011). Synergistic Growth

Gharzouli, K., Khennouf, S., Amira, S. & Gharzouli, A. (1999). Effects of Aqueous Extracts

Gil, M., Tomas-Barberan, I., Hess-Pierce, F., Holcroft, B., D. M., & Kader, A. (2000).

Gouédard, C., Barouki, R. & Morel,Y. (2004). Dietary Polyphenols Increase Paraoxonase 1

*Molecular and Cellular Biology,* Vol.24, No.12, pp. 5209-5222, ISSN 0270-7306 Gould, S.W., Fielder, M.D., Kelly, A.F., El Sankary, W., & Naughton, D.P. (2009).

Grossmann, M.E., Mizuno, N.K., Schuster, T. & Cleary, M.P. (2010). Punicic acid, a Fatty

Gucev, Z.S., Oh, Y., Kelley, K.M. & Rosenfeld, R.G. (1996). Insulin-like Growth Factor

Guo, C., Wei, J., Yang, J., Xu, J., Pang, W. & Jiang, Y. (2008). Pomegranate Juice is Potentially

Gupta, S. & Mukhtar, H. (2002). Chemoprevention of Skin Cancer: Current Status and

*Biomedical Science,* Vol.66, No.3, pp.129-32, ISSN 0967-4845

*Prevention Research*, Vol.3, No.1, pp.108-113, ISSN 1940-6207

*Nutrition Research*, Vol. 28, No.1, pp. 72-77, ISSN 0271-5317

Comet Assay. *Anticancer Research*, Vol.21, pp. 3903-3908, ISSN 0250-7005 Franco, R., Schoneveld, O., Georgakilas, A. G. & Panayiotidis, M. I. (2008). Oxidative Stress,

pp.551-563, ISBN 9780123746283, Elsevier Science

*Research,* Vol.13, No.1, pp.42-45, ISSN 0951-418X

No.10, pp. 4581-4589, ISSN 0021-8561

No.7, pp.1545-1550, ISSN 0008-5472

0167-7659

1040-8398

0304-3835.

6915

*Foods in Promoting Health: Fruits and Vegetables,* Watson, R.R. & Preedy V.R.(Eds),

Disease. *Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,* Vol.51, No.7, pp.626-634, ISSN

Antioxidant Activity of Ellagic Acid in Mammalian Cells *in vitro* Revealed by the

DNA Methylation and Carcinogenesis. *Cancer Letters*, Vol.266, No.1 , pp.6-12, ISSN

Inhibition of Mouse Skin Tumors by Pomegranate Fruit Extract and Diallyl sulfide: Evidence for Inhibition of Activated MAPKs/NF-κB and Reduced Cell Proliferation. *Food and Chemical Toxicology*, Vol.49, No.7, pp.1511-1520, ISSN 0278-

from *Quercus ilex* L. Root Bark, *Punica granatum* L. Fruit Peel and Artemisia Herbaalba Asso Leaves on Ethanol-induced Gastric Damage in Rats. *Phytotheraphy* 

Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Juice and its Relationship with Phenolic Composition and Processing. *Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry*, Vol.48,

Gene Expression by an Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-dependent Mechanism.

Antimicrobial Pomegranate Rind Extracts: Enhancement by Cu(II) and Vitamin C Combinations against Clinical Isolates of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*. *British Journal of* 

Acid from Pomegranate Seed Oil, Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation. *Cancer* 

Binding Protein 3 MediatesRetinoic acid- and Transforming Growth Factor beta2 induced Growth Inhibition in Human Breast Cancer Cells. *Cancer Research,* Vol.56,

Better than Apple Juice in Improving Antioxidant Function in Elderly Subjects.

Future Prospects. *Cancer and Metastasis Reviews,* Vol. 21, No.3-4, pp. 363-380,ISSN


The Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate and Its Products for Prevention of Cancer 363

Khan, N., Afaq, F. & Mukhtar, H. (2008). Cancer Chemoprevention through Dietary

Khan, N., Afaq, F., Kweon, M.H., Kim, K. & Mukhtar, H. (2007b). Oral Consumption of

Khan, S.A. (2009). The Role of Pomengranate *(Punica granatum* L.) in Colon Cancer. *Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Science,* Vol.22, No.3, pp. 346-348, ISSN 1011-601X Khateeb, J., Gantman, A., Kreitenberg, A.J., Aviram, M. & Fuhrman, B. (2010). Paraoxonase 1

Kim, H.S., Ingermann, A.R., Tsubaki, J., Twigg, S.M., Walker, G.E. & Oh, Y. (2004). Insulin-

Kim, N.D., Mehta, R., Yu, W., Neeman, I., Livney, T., Amichay, A., Poirier, D., Nicholls, P.,

Kohno, H., Suzuki, R., Yasui, Y., Hosokawa, M., Miyashita, K. & Tanaka, T. (2004b).

Kohno, H., Yasui, Y., Suzuki, R., Hosokawa, M., Miyashita, K. & Tanaka, T. (2004a). Dietary

Koyama, S., Cobb, L.J., Mehta, H.H., Seeram, N.P., Heber, D., Pantuck, A.J. & Cohen, P.

Kryston, T. B., Georgiev, A. & Georgakilas, A.G. (2011). Role of Oxidative Stress and DNA

Kulkarni, A. & Aradhya, S.( 2005). Chemical Changes and Antioxidant Activity in

Lan, J., Lei, F., Hua, L., Wang, Y., Xing, D. & Du, L. (2009). Transport Behavior of Ellagic

*Journal of Cancer*, Vol.110, No.6, pp.896-901, ISSN 0020-7136

Cells. *Cancer Researc*h, Vol.64, No.6, pp.2229-2237, ISSN 0008-5472

Vol.71, No.3, pp.203-217, ISSN 1573-7217

pp.475–510, ISSN 1523-0864

173, ISSN 0143-3334

0021-9150

ISSN 1347-9032

pp.55-62, ISSN 1096-6374

ISSN 0027-5107

324, ISSN 0308-8146

Antioxidants: Progress and Promise. Antioxidants Redox Signaling, Vol.10, No. 3,

Pomegranate Fruit Extract Inhibits Growth and Progression of Primary Lung Tumors in Mice. Cancer Research, Vol.67, No.7, pp. 3475-3482, ISSN 0008-5472 Khan, N., Hadi, N., Afaq, F., Syed, D.N., Kweon, M.H. & Mukhtar, H. (2007a). Pomegranate

Fruit Extract inhibits Prosurvival Pathways in Human A549 Lung Carcinoma Cells and Tumor Growth in Athymic Nude Mice. Carcinogenesis, Vol.28, No.1, pp.163-

(PON1) Expression in Hepatocytes is Upregulated by Pomegranate Polyphenols: A Role for PPAR-gamma Pathway. *Atherosclerosis,* Vol.208, No.1, pp.119-125, ISSN

like Growth Factor-binding Protein 3 induces Caspase-dependent Apoptosis through a Death Receptor-mediated Pathway in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer

Kirby, A., Jiang, W., Mansel, R., Ramachandran, C., Rabi, T., Kaplan, B. & Lansky, E.. (2002). Chemopreventive and Adjuvant Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate (*Punica granatum*) for Human Breast Cancer. *Breast Cancer Research Treatment,* 

Pomegranate Seed Oil Rch in Conjugated Linolenic Acid Suppresses Chemically Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats. *Cancer Science,* Vol.95, No.6, pp.481-486,

Seed Oil Rich in Conjugated Linolenic Acid from Bitter Melon Inhibits Azoxymethane-induced Rat Colon Carcinogenesis through Elevation of Colonic PPAR Gamma Expression and Alteration of Lipid Composition. *International* 

(2010). Pomegranate Extract Induces Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cells by Modulation of the IGF–IGFBP axis. *Growth Hormone & IGF Research*, Vol.20, No.1,

Damage in Human Carcinogenesis. *Mutation Research*, Vol.711, No.1-2, pp.193-201,

Pomegranate Arils during Fruit Development. *Food Chemistry,* Vol.90, No.1-2, 319–

Acid of Pomegranate Leaf Tannins and Its Correlation with Total Cholesterol


Jafri, M. A., Aslam, M., Javed, K. & Singh, S. (2000). Effect of *Punica granatum Linn.* (flowers)

Jahfar, M., Vijayan, K.K. & Azadi, P. (2003). Studies on a Polysaccharide from the Fruit Rind

Jaiswal, V., DerMarderosian, A. & Porter, J.R. (2010). Anthocyanins and Polyphenol Oxidase

Jang, A., Srinivasan, P., Lee, N.Y., Song, H.P., Lee, J.W., Lee, M. & Jo, C.(2008). Comparison

Jeune, M.A., Kumi-Diaka, J. & Brown, J. (2005). Anticancer Activities of Pomegranate

Johann, S., Cisalpino, P.S., Watanabe, G.A., Cota, B.B., de Siqueira, E.P., Pizzolatti, M.G.,

Johanningsmeier, S.D. & Harris, G.K. (2011). Pomegranate as a Functional Food and

Jurenka, J.S. (2008). Therapeutic Applications of Pomegranate (*Punica granatum L*.): A Review. *Alternative Medicine Review,* Vol.13, No.2, pp. 128–144, ISSN 1089-5159 Kannel, W.B., Neaton, J.D., Wentworth, D. (1986). Overall and Coronary Heart Disease

Kaplan, M., Hayek, T., Raz, A., Coleman, R., Dornfeld, L., Vaya, J. & Aviram, M. (2001).

Kawaii, S. & Lansky, E.P. (2004). Differentiation-promoting Activity of Pomegranate *(Punica* 

Kaya, A. & Sozer, N. (2005). Rheological Behaviour of Sour Pomegranate Juice Concentrates

Khan, N., & Mukhtar, H. (2010). Cancer Chemoprevention. In: *Comprehensive Toxicology*, McQueen, C.A. (Ed.) pp.417-431, ISBN 978-0-08-046884-6 Elsevier, UK

*Medicinal Food,* Vol.7, No1, pp.13-18, ISSN 1096-620X

*Ethnopharmacology,* Vol.70, No.3, pp.309-314, ISSN 0378-8741

pp.43-50, ISSN 0972-0626

1388-0209

8561

ISSN 1941-1413

No.1, pp. 11-16, ISSN 0308-8146

Vol.174, No.2, pp.109-117, ISSN 0009-2797

Vol.8, No.4, pp. 469-475, ISSN 1096-620X

No.4, pp:825-836, ISSN 0002-8703

No.2, pp.223-227, ISSN 1365-2621

on Blood Glucose Level in Normal and Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats. *Journal of* 

of *Punica granatum*. *Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment,* Vol.7, No.1,

from Dried Arils of Pomegranate (*Punica granatum L*.). *Food Chemistry,* Vol.118,

of Hypolipidemic Activity of Synthetic Gallic Acid-Linoleic Acid Ester with Mixture of Gallic Acid and Linoleic Acid, Gallic Acid, and Linoleic Acid on Highfat Diet Induced Obesity in C57BL/6 Cr Slc Mice. *Chemico-biological Interactions*

Extracts and Genistein in Human Breast Cancer Cells. *Journal of Medicinal Food,*

Zani, C.L. & de Resende, M.A. (2010). Antifungal Activity of Extracts of Some Plants used in Brazilian Traditional Medicine Against the Pathogenic Fungus *Paracoccidioides brasiliensis*. *Pharmaceutical Biology, Vol.* 48, No.3, pp. 388-396, ISSN

Nutraceutical Source. *Annual Review of Food Science and Technology*, Vol.2, pp.181-20,

Mortality Rates in Relation to Major Risk Factors in 325,348 Men Screened for the MRFIT. Multiple Risk Factors Intervention Trial. *American Heart Journal*, Vol.112,

Pomegranate Juice Supplementation to Atherosclerotic Mice Reduces Macrophage Lipid Peroxidation, Cellular Cholesterol Accumulation and Development of Atherosclerosis. *Journal of Nutrition*, Vol.131, No.8, pp.2082-2089, ISSN 0022-3166 Kasimsetty, S.G., Bialonska, D., Reddy, M.K., Ma, G., Khan, S.I. & Ferreira, D. (2010). Colon

Cancer Chemopreventive Activities of Pomegranate Ellagitannins and Urolithins. *Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,* Vol.58, No.4, pp.2180-2187, ISSN 0021-

*granatum)* Fruit Extracts in HL-60 Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells*. Journal of*

(*Punica granatum L.). International Journal of Food Science and Technology,* Vol.40,


The Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate and Its Products for Prevention of Cancer 365

Longtin, R. (2003). The Pomegranate: Nature's Power Fruit? *Journal of the National Cancer* 

Machado, T.B., Leal, C.R., Amaral, A.C., Santos, K.R., Silva, M.G. & Kuster, R.M. (2002).

Mackness, B., Mackness, M.I., Durrington, P.N., Arrol, S., Evans, A.E., McMaster, D.,

Maestre, J., Melgarejo, P., Tomas-Barberan, F.A. & Garcia-Viguera, C. (2000). New food

Malik, A., Afaq, F., Sarfaraz, S., Adhami, V.M., Sved, D.N. & Mukhtar, H. (2005).

Malik, A., Afaq, S., Shahid, M., Akhtar, K. & Assiri, A. (2011). Influence of Ellagic acid on

Maskan, A., Kaya, S. & Maskan, M. (2002). Effect of Concentration and Drying Hot-Air and

Mathabe, M.C., Nikolova, R., Lall, V.N. & Nyazema, N.Z. (2006). Antibacterial Activities of

McCutcheon, A., Udani, J. & Brown, D.J. (2008). Proprietary Botanical Food Product,

Mehta, R. & Lansky, E.P. (2004). Breast Cancer Chemopreventive Properties of Pomegranate

*Journal of Cancer Prevention,* Vol.13, No.4, pp.345-355, ISSN 0959-8278 Melgarejo, P. & Artes, F. (2000). Organic Acids and Sugar Composition of Pomegranate Juice. *European Food Research Technology,* Vol.4, No.1, pp.30-31, ISSN 1438-2377

*Journal of Tropical Medicine,* Vol.4, No.7, pp. 550-555, ISSN 1995-7645 Martin, O.A., Redon, C., Nakamura, A J., Dickey, J.S., Georgakilas, A.G. & Bonner, W.M.

Antimicrobial Ellagitannin of *Punica granatum* Fruits. *Journal of the Brazilian* 

Ferrieres, J., Ruidavets, J.B., Williams, N.R. & Howard, A.N. (2000). Paraoxonase activity in two healthy populations with differing rates of coronary heart disease. *European Journal of Clinical Investigation*, Vol.30, No.1, pp.4−10, ISSN 0014-2972 Mackness, M. I., Mackness, B. M., & Durrington, P. N. (2002). Paraoxonase and Coronary Heart Disease. *Atherosclerosis Supplements*, 3, pp.49-55, ISSN 0021-9150 Madihassan, S. (1984). Outline of the Beginning of Alchemy and Its Antecedents. *American* 

products derived from pomegranate. In: *Production, Processing and Marketing of Pomegranate in the Mediterranean Region: Advances in Research and Technology*, P. Melgarejo-Moreno, J.J. Martínez-Nicolás and J. Martínez-Tomé, (Eds.), pp. 243–245,

Pomegranate Fruit Juice for Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy of Prostate Cancer. *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA*, Vol.102, No.40,

Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferetion: A Caspase-Dependent Pathway. *Asian Pacific* 

(2011). Systemic DNA Damage Related to Cancer. *Cancer Research*, Vol.71, No.10,

Microwave Drying. *Journal of Food Engineering,* Vol. 48, No.2, pp.169-175, ISSN

Medicinal Plants used for the Treatment of Diarrhoea in Limpopo Province, South Africa. *Journal of Ethnopharmacology,* Vol.105, No.2, pp.286-293, ISSN 0378-8741 McCarrell, E.M., Gould, S.W.J., Fielder, M.D., Kelly, A.F., Sankary, W.E. & Naughton, D.P.

(2008). Antimicrobial Activities of Pomegranate Rind Extracts: Enhancement by Addition of Metal Salts and Vitamin C. *BMC Complementary and Alternative* 

Scientific and Clinical Monograph for POM Wonderful® Pomegranate Juice.

(*Punica granatum*) Fruit Extracts in a Mouse Mammary Organ Culture. *European* 

*Institute*, Vol.95, No.5, pp.346-348, ISSN 1460-2105

ISBN 2-85352-214-8 CIHEAM-IAMZ, Zaragoza.

*Medicine,* Vol.8, No.1, pp.64-70, ISSN 1472-6882

American Botanical Council. 20p. www.herbalgram.org

pp.14813-14818, ISSN 1091-6490

pp.1-5, ISSN 0304-3835

0260-8774

*Chemical Society*, Vol.13, No.5, pp. 606-610, ISSN 0103-5053

*Journal of Chinese Medicine*, Vol.12, No.1, pp.32-42, ISSN 0192-415X

Alteration in HepG2 cells. *Biomedical Chromatography,* Vol.23, No.5, pp.531-536, ISSN 0913-5685


Lansky, E.P. & Newman, R.A. (2007). *Punica granatum* (pomegranate) and Its Potential for

Lansky, E.P., Harrison, G., Froom, P. & Jiang, W.G. (2005a). Pomegranate (*Punica granatum*)

Lansky, E.P., Jiang, W., Mo, H., Bravo, L., Froom, P., Yu, W., Harris, N.M., Neeman, I.,

Larrosa, M., González-Sarrías, A., Yáñez-Gascón, M.J., Selma, M.V., Azorín-Ortuño, M., Toti,

Larrosa, M., Tomas-Barberan, F.A., Espin, J.C. (2006).The Dietary Hydrolysable Tanin

Lecerf, J.M. (2006) Pasteur Institute – Lille. Functional claims of article 13: Polyphenols in

Leckey, L.C., Garige, M., Varatharajalu, R., Gong, M., Nagata, T., Spurney, C.F. &

Lee, C.J., Chen, L.G., Liang, W.L. & Wang, C.C. (2010). Anti-inflammatory Effects of *Punica* 

Lee, S.I., Kim, B.S., Kim, K.S,. Lee, S., Shin, K.S. & Lim, J.S. (2008). Immune-suppressive

Li, Y., Guo, C., Yang, J., Wei, J., Xu, J. & Cheng, S. (2006). Evaluation of Antioxidant

Li, Y., Qi, Y., Huang, T.H.W., Yamahara, J. & Roufogalis, B.D. (2008). Pomegranate Flower:

Extract. *Food Chemistry,* Vol.96, No.1-2, pp.254-260, ISSN 0308-8146

*Ethnopharmacology,* Vol.49, No1, pp.57-68, ISSN 0378-8741

*Nutritional Biochemistry,* Vol.21, No.8, pp.717-725, ISSN 0955-2863

*Nutritional Biochemistry,* Vol.17, No.9, pp. 611-625, ISSN 0955-2863

*Experimental Research,* Vol.34, No.9, pp.1535-1542, ISSN 1530-0277

Ethnopharmacology, Vol.109, No.2, pp.177-206, ISSN 0378-8741

ISSN 0913-5685

ISSN 0308-8146

0565

pp.121-122, ISSN 1573-0646

No.1, pp.11-20, ISSN 1573-0646

juices. References and Scientific Evidences.

Alteration in HepG2 cells. *Biomedical Chromatography,* Vol.23, No.5, pp.531-536,

Prevention and Treatment of Inflammation and Cancer. Journal of

Pure Chemicals Show Possible Synergistic Inhibition of Human PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion Across Matrigel™. *Investigational New Drugs,* Vol.23, No.2,

Campbell, M.J. (2005b). Possible Synergistic Prostate Cancer Suppression by Anatomically Discrete Pomegranate Fractions. *Investigational New Drugs,* Vol.23,

S., Tomás-Barberán, F., Dolara, P. & Espín, J.C. (2010). Anti-inflammatory Properties of a Pomegranate Extract and its Metabolite Urolithin-A in a Colitis Rat Model and the Effect of Colon Inflammation on Phenolic Metabolism. *The Journal of* 

Punicalagin Releases Ellagic Acid that Induces Apoptosis in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells by Using the Mitochondrial Pathway. *The Journal of* 

Lakshman, R.M. (2010). Quercetin and Ethanol Attenuate the Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaques with Concomitant up Regulation of Paraoxonase1 (PON1) Gene Expression and PON1 Activity in LDLR-/- Mice. *Alcoholism: Clinical and* 

*granatum* Linne *in vitro* and *in vivo*. *Food Chemistry,* Vol.118, No.1-2, pp.315-322,

Activity of Punicalagin via Inhibition of NFAT Activation. *Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,* Vol.11, No.371, pp.799-803, ISSN 0006-291X Lei, F., Zhang, X.N., Wang, W., Xing, D.M., Xie, W.D., Su, H. & Du, L.J. (2007). Evidence of

Anti- obesity Effects of the Pomegranate Leaf Extract in High-fat Diet Induced Obese Mice. *International Journal of Obesity*, Vol.31, No.6, pp.1023-1029, ISSN 0307-

Properties of Pomegranate Peel Extract in Comparison with Pomegranate Pulp

A Unique Traditional Antidiabetic Medicine with Dual PPAR-α/-γ Activator Properties. *Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism,* Vol.10, No.1, pp.10-17, ISSN 1463-1326 Liu, J. (1995). Pharmacology of Oleanolic Acid and Ursolic Acid. *Journal of* 


The Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate and Its Products for Prevention of Cancer 367

Okamoto, T., Akuta, T., Tamura, F., Van Der Vliet, A., & Akaike, T. (2004).Molecular

Opara, L.U., Al-ani, M.R. & Al-Shuaibi, Y.S. (2009). Physico-chemical Properties, Vitamin C

Orak, H.H., Demirci, S., Gumus, T. (2011). Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of

*Agricultural and Food Chemistry,* Vol.10, No.3, pp. 1958-1969, ISSN 1579-4377 Oswa, T., Ide, A., Su, J.D., & Namiki, M. (1987). Inhibiting of Lipid Peroxidation by Ellagic

Ou, H.C., Lee, W.J., Lee, S.D., Huang, C.Y., Chiu, T.H., Tsai, K.L., Hsu, W.C., Sheu, W. H.H. (

Ozcan, T., Akpinar-Bayizit, A., Yilmaz-Ersan, L., Delikanli. B. & Yildiz, E. (2011).

Ozgen, M., Durgac, C., Serce, S. & Kaya, C. (2008). Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of

Ozgul-Yucel, S. (2005). Determination of Conjugated Linolenic Acid Content of Selected Oil

Pacheco-Palencia, L.A., Noratto, G., Hingorani, L., Talcott, S.T. & Mertens-Talcott, S.U.

*Agricultural and Food Chemistry,* Vol.56, No.18, pp.8434-8441, ISSN 0021-8561 Paladini, A.C., Marder, M., Viola, H., Wolfman, C., Wasowski, C. & Medina, J.H. (1999).

Pande, G. & Akoh, C.C. (2009). Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Characterization of Six

*Food Bioprocess Technology,* Vol. 2, No.3. pp.315-321, ISSN 1935-5130

*Journal of Nutrition*, Vol.138, No.4, pp.775-781, ISSN 0022-3166

No.11, pp.997-1006, ISSN 1431-6730

8561

333, ISSN 1337-9569

pp.893-897, ISSN 1558-9331

pp.519-526, ISSN 2042-7158

Vol.57, No.20, pp.9427-9436, ISSN 0021-8561

*Food Industry*, İzmir, Turkiye, 26-29 May, 2011

*Chemistry,* Vol.11. No.3, pp.703-706, ISSN 0308-8146

B., Boutron-Ruault, M. C., Vercambre, M. N., Kaaks, R., Linseisen, J., Overvad, K., Arriola, L., Ardanaz, E., Gonzalez, C. A., Tormo, M. J., Bingham, S., Khaw, K. T., Key, T. J., Vineis, P., Riboli, E., Ferrari, P., Boffetta, P., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., van der, A. DL, Berglund, G., Wirfalt, E., Hallmans, G., Johansson, I., Lund, E., & Trichopoulo, A. (2008). Intake of vegetables, legumes, and fruit, and risk for allcause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in a European diabetic population. *The* 

Mechanism for Activation and Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases during Bacterial Infections and Respiratory Inammation. *Biological Chemistry,* Vol.385,

Content, and Antimicrobial Properties of Pomegranate Fruit (*Punica granatum* L.).

Pomegranate (*Punica granatum* l.cv.) Peel. *Electronic Journal of Environmental,* 

Acid. *Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry*, Vol.35, No.5, pp.808-812, ISSN 0021-

2010). Ellagic Acid Protects Endothelial Cells from Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein-induced Apoptosis by Modulating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS Pathway. *Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology*, Vol.248, No.2, pp.134-143, ISSN 0041-008X Ovesná, Z., Vachálková, A., Horváthová, K., & Tóthová, D. (2004). Pentacyclic Triterpenoic

Acids: New Chemoprotective Compounds Minireview. *Neoplasma*, Vol.51, pp.327-

Bioavailability of Food Polyphenols. *International Food Congress-Novel Approaches in* 

Pomegranate Cultivars Grown in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. *Food* 

Seeds Grown in Turkey. *Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society,* Vol.82, No.12,

(2008). Protective Effects of Standardized Pomegranate (*Punica granatum* L.) Polyphenolic Extract in Ultraviolet-irradiated Human Skin Fibroblasts. *Journal of* 

Flavonoids and the Central Nervous System: from Forgotten Factors to Potent Anxiolytic Compounds. *The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology*, Vol.51, No.5,

Georgia- Grown Pomegranate Cultivars. *Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry*,


Menezes, S.M., Cordeiro, L.N. & Viana, G.S. (2006). *Púnica granatum* (pomegranate) Extract

Mertens-Talcott, S.U. & Percival, S.S. (2005). Ellagic Acid and Quercetin Interact

Miguel M.M., Neves, M.A. & Antunes, M.D. (2010). Pomegranate (*Punica granatum* L.): A

Mirdehghan, S.H. & Rahemi, M. (2007). Seasonal Changes of Mineral Nutrients and

Mirmiran, P., Noori, N., Zavareh, M.B. & Azizi, F. (2009). Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

Mooradian, A.D. (2009). Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. *Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism,* Vol.5, No.3, pp. 150-159, ISSN 1745-8366 Mousavinejad, G., Emam-Djomeh, Z., Rezaei, K., Khodaparast, M.H.H. (2009). Identification

Mukhtar, H. & Ahmad, N. (1999). Cancer chemoprevention: Future Holds in Multiple

Murthy, K.N.C., Jayaprakasha, G.K. & Singh, R.P. (2002). Studies on Antioxidant Activity of

Narr Ben, C., Ayed, N. & Metche, M. (1996). Quantitative Determination of the Polyphenolic

Nathan, C. (2006). Neutrophils and Immunity: Challenges and Opportunities. *Nature* 

Nishikawa, M. (2008). Reactive Oxygen Species in Tumor Metastasis. *Cancer Letters,* Vol.266,

Noda, Y., Kaneyuka, T., Mori, A. & Packer, L. (2002). Antioxidant Activities of Pomegranate

*Reviews of Immunology,* Vol.6, No.3, pp.173-82, ISSN 1474-1733

*Medicinal Plants Research,* Vol. 4, No.25, pp. 2836-2847, ISSN 1996-0875 Miguel, M.G., Dandlen, S. & Neves, M.A. (2009). Antioxidant Activities of Flower Extract

pp.79-92, ISSN 1522-8940

No.2, pp.120-127., ISSN 0304-4238

No.4, pp.1274-1278, ISSN 0308-8146

*Forschung,* Vol.203, pp. 374-378, ISSN 1438-2377

No.1, pp.53-59, ISSN 0304-3835

Vol.58, No.4, pp.460-468, ISSN 0026-0495

51, ISSN 0304-3835

7572

008X

620X

is Active Against Dental Plaque. *Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy,* Vol.6, No.1,

Synergistically with Resveratrol in the Induction of Apoptosis and Cause Transient Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Leukemia Cells. *Cancer Letters,* Vol. 218, No.2, pp.141-

medicinal Plant with Myriad Biological Properties - A Short Review. *The Journal of* 

and Pomegranate Juice. *Acta Horticulturae (ISHS)*, Vol.818, pp.389-394, ISSN 0567-

Phenolics in Pomegranate (*Punica granatum* L.) Fruit. *Scientia Horticulturae,* Vol.111,

and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. *Metabolism Clinical and Experimental,*

and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds and Their Effects on Antioxidant Activity in Pomegranate Juices of Eight Iranian Cultivars. *Food Chemistry,* Vol.115,

Agents. *Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,* Vol.158, No.3, pp.207-210, ISSN 0041-

Pomegranate (*Punica granatum*) Peel Extract Using *in vivo* Models. *Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,* Vol.50, No.17, pp. 4791-4795, ISSN 0021-8561 Murthy, K.N.C., Reddy, K.V. & Veigas, J.M. (2004). Study on Wound Healing Activity of

*Punica granatum* peel. *Journal of Medicinal Food,* Vol.7, No.2, pp.256-259, ISSN 1096-

Content of Pomegranate Peel. *Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und –*

Fruit Extract and Its Anthocyanidins: Delphinidin, Cyanidin, and Pelargonidin. *Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry*, Vol.50, No.1, pp.166-171, ISSN 0021-8561 Nothlings, U., Schulze, M. B., Weikert, C., Boeing, H., van der Schouw, Y. T., Bamia, C.,

Benetou, V., Lagiou, P., Krogh, V., Beulens, J. W., Peeters, P. H., Halkjaer, J., Tjonneland, A., Tumino, R., Panico, S., Masala, G., Clavel-Chapelon, F., de, Lauzon B., Boutron-Ruault, M. C., Vercambre, M. N., Kaaks, R., Linseisen, J., Overvad, K., Arriola, L., Ardanaz, E., Gonzalez, C. A., Tormo, M. J., Bingham, S., Khaw, K. T., Key, T. J., Vineis, P., Riboli, E., Ferrari, P., Boffetta, P., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., van der, A. DL, Berglund, G., Wirfalt, E., Hallmans, G., Johansson, I., Lund, E., & Trichopoulo, A. (2008). Intake of vegetables, legumes, and fruit, and risk for allcause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in a European diabetic population. *The Journal of Nutrition*, Vol.138, No.4, pp.775-781, ISSN 0022-3166


The Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate and Its Products for Prevention of Cancer 369

Richmond, E. & Viner, J.L. (2003). Chemoprevention of Skin Cancer. *Seminars in Oncology* 

Rosenblat, M., Draganov, D., Watson, C.E., Bisgaier, C.L., La Du, B.N. & Aviram, M. (2003).

*Thrombosis and Vascular Biology*, Vol.1, No.23, pp.468-474, ISSN 1079-5642 Rosenblat, M., Volkova, N., Coleman, R. & Aviram, M. (2006). Pomegranate by Product

Rozenberg, O., Rosenblat, M., Coleman, R., Shih, D.M., & Aviram, M. (2003). Paraoxonase

Sadeghi, N., Jannat, B., Oveisi, M.R., Hajimahmoodi, M. & Photovat, M. (2009). Antioxidant

Salgado, L., Melgarejo, P., Meseguer, I. & Sánchez, M. (2009). Antimicrobial Activity of

Santos, E.B., Dantas, G.S., Santos, H.B., Diniz, M.F.F.M. & Sampaio, F.C. (2009).

Sartippour, M.R., Seeram, N.P., Rao, J.Y., Moro, A., Harris, D.M., Henning, S.M., Firouzi, A.,

*International Journal of Oncology*, Vol. 32, No.2, pp.475-480, ISSN 1791-2423 Sastravaha, G., Yotmicngnit, P., Booncong, P. & Sangrherapicikul, P. (2003). Adjunctive

Schubert, S.Y., Lansky, E.P. & Necman, I. (1999). Antioxidant and Eicosanoid Enzyme

Seeram, N.P., Adams, L.S., Henning, S.M., Niu, Y., Zhang, Y., Nair, M.G. & Heber, D. (2005).

Seeram, N.P., Henning, S.M., Zhang, Y., Suchard, M., Li, Z. & Heber, D. (2006). Pomegranate

*Journal of Ethnopharmacology,* Vol.66, No.1, pp.11-17, ISSN 0378-8741 Sedelnikova, O.A., Redon, C.E., Dickey, J.S., Nakamura, A. J., Georgakilas, A.G. & Bonner,

*Mutation Research,* Vol.704, No.1-3, pp.152-159, ISSN 0027-5107

*Biochemistry*, Vol.16, No.6, pp.360-367, ISSN 0955-2863

*Food Chemistry,* Vol.54, No.4, pp.1928-1935, ISSN 0021-8561

Mouse Macrophage Paraoxonase 2 Activity is Increased whereas Cellular Paraoxonase 3Activity is Decreased under Oxidative Stress. *Arteriosclerosis,* 

Administration to Apoiipoprotein e-deficient Mice Attenuates Atherosclerosis Development as a Result on Decreased Macrophage Oxidative Stress and Reduced Cellular Uptake of Oxidized low-density Lipoprotein. *Journal of Agricultural and* 

(PON1) Deciency is Associated with Increased Macrophage Oxidative Stress Studies in PON1-knockout Mice. *Free Radical Biology & Medicine*, Vol.34, No.6,

Activity of Iranian Pomegranate (*Punica granatum* L.) Seed Extracts. *Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology,* Vol.11, Supplementary Issue, pp.633-638, ISSN

Crude Extracts from Pomegranate (*Punica granatum* L.). *Acta Horticulturae*, Vol.818,

Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants for Oral Health Problems in the City of Joao Pessoa, Brazil. *Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy*, Vol.19, No.1b, pp.321-324,

Rettig, M.B., Aronson, W.J., Pantuck, A.J. & Heber, D. (2008). Ellagitannin-rich Pomegranate Extract Inhibits Angiogenesis in Prostate Cancer *in vitro* and *in vivo*.

Periodontal Treatment with *Centella asiática* and *Punica granatum* Extracts. A Preliminary Study. *Journal of the International Academy of Periodontology,* Vol.5, No.2,

Inhibition Properties of Pomegranate Seed Oil and Fermented Juice Flavonoids.

W.M. (2010). Role of Oxidatively Induced DNA Lesions in Human Pathogenesis.

In vitro Antiproliferative, Apoptotic and Antioxidant Activities of Punicalagin, Ellagic acid and a Total Pomegranate Tannin Extract are Enhanced in Combination with Other Polyphenols as Found in Pomegranate Juice. *Journal of Nutritional* 

Juice Ellagitannin Metabolites are Present in Human Plasma and Some Persist in

*Nursing*, Vol.19, No.1, pp.62-69. ISSN: 0749-2081

pp.774−784, ISSN 0891-5849

pp.257-264, ISSN 0567-7572

pp.106-115, ISSN 1466-2094

1680-7073

ISSN 0102-695X


Panichayupakaranant, P., Tewtrakul, S., Yuenyongsawad, S. (2010). Antibacterial, Anti-

Pantuck, A.J., Leppert, J.T., Zomorodian, N., Aronson, W., Hong, J., Barnard, R.J., Seeram,

Park, H.M.., Moon, E., Kim, A.J., Kim, M.H., Lee, S., Lee, J.B., Park, Y.K., Jung, H.S., Kim,

Perez-Vicente, A., Gil-Izquierdo, A. & Garcia-Viguera, C. (2002). *In vitro* Gastrointestinal

Petti, S. & Scully, C. (2009). Polyphenols, Oral Health and Disease: A Review. *Journal of* 

Poyrazoglu ,E., Gokmen, V. & Artik, N. (2002). Organic Acids and Phenolic Compounds in

Prashanth, D.J., Asha, M.K. & Amit, A. (2001). Antibacterial Activity of *Punica granatum*.

Pruthi, J.S. & Saxena, A.K. (1984). Studies on Anardana (dried pomegranate seeds). *Journal of* 

Raffo, A., La Malfa, G., Fogliano, V., Madani, G. & Quaglia, G. (2006). Seasonal Variations in

Rahman, M.A., Amin, A.R.M.R., Shin. D.M. (2010). Chemopreventive Potential of Natural

Rajah, R., Valentinis, B. & Cohen, P. (1997). Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-binding

Rakoff-Nahoum, S. (2006). Why Cancer and Inflammation? *Yale Journal of Biology and* 

Rettig, M.B., Heber, D., An, J., Seeram, N.D., Rao, J.Y., Liu, H., Klatte, T., Belldegrun, A.,

*Food Science and Technology,* Vol.21, No.5, pp.296, ISSN 0022-1155

*Dentistry,* Vol.37, No.6, pp.413-423, ISSN 0300-5712

*and Analysis,* Vol.15, No.5, pp.567-575, ISSN 0889-1575

Fitoterapia, Vol.72, No.2, pp.171-173, ISSN 0367-326X

*Medicine,* Vol.79, No.3-4, pp. 123-130, ISSN 0044-0086

No.9, pp.2662-2671, ISSN 1538-8514

Extract. *Food Chemistry*, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 400-403, ISSN 0308-8146

*Clinical Cancer Research,* Vol.12. No.13, pp.4018-4026, ISSN 1557-3265 Parashar, A., Gupta, C., Gupta, S.K. & Kumar, A. (2009). Antimicrobial Ellagitannin from

No.3, pp.226-231, ISSN 1553-8621

pp.276-282, ISSN 1365-4632

ISSN 0021-8561

987, ISSN 0163-5581

0021-9258

inflammatory and Anti-allergic Activities of Standardized Pomegranate Rind

N., Liker, H., Wang, H., Elashoff, R., Heber, D., Aviram, M., Ignarro, L. & Belldegrun, A. (2006). Phase II Study of Pomegranate Juice for Men with Rising Prostate-specific Antigen following Surgery or Radiation for Prostate Cancer.

Pomegranate (*Punica granatum*) Fruits. *International Journal of Fruit Science,* Vol. 9,

Y.B. & Kim, S.Y. (2010). Extract of Punica granatum Inhibits Skin Photoaging Induced by UVB Irradiation. *International Journal of Dermatology,* Vol.49, No.3,

Digestion Study of Pomegranate Juice Phenolic compounds, *A*nthocyanins, and Vitamin C. *Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,* Vol.50, No.8, pp.2308-2312,

Pomegranates (*Punica granatum* L.) Grown in Turkey. *Journal of Food Composition* 

Antioxidant Components of Cherry Tomatoes (*Lyco-persicon esculentum* cv. Naomi F1). *Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,* Vol.19, No.1, pp.11-19, ISSN 0889-1575

Compounds in Head and Neck Cancer. *Nutrition and Cancer,* Vol.62, No.7, pp.973-

protein-3 induces Apoptosis and Mediates the Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 on Programmed Cell Death through a p53- and IGF-independent Mechanism. *Journal of Biological Chemistry*, Vol.272, No.18, pp.12181-12188, ISSN

Moro, A., Henning, S.M., Mo, D., Aronson, W.J. & Pantuck, A. (2008). Pomegranate Extract Inhibits Androgen-independent Prostate Cancer Growth through a NuclearFactor-κB-dependent Mechanism. *Molecular Cancer Therapeutics,* Vol.7,


The Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate and Its Products for Prevention of Cancer 371

Tayel, A.A. & El-Tras, W.F. (2009). Anticandidal Activity of Pomegranate Peel Extract

Teodoro, T., Zhang, L., Alexander, T., Yue, J., Vranic, M. & Volchuk, A. (2008). Oleanolic

Tezcan, F., Gultekin-Ozguven, M., Diken, T., Ozcelik, B. & Erim, F.B. (2009). Antioxidant

Toor, R.K., Savage, G.P. & Lister, C.E. (2006). Seasonal Variations in the Antioxidant

Tran, H.N.A., Bae, S-Y., Song, B-H., Lee, B-H., Bae, Y-S., Kim, Y-H., Lansky, E.P. & Newman,

Tsuyuki, H., Ito, S. & Nakatsukasa, Y. (1981). Lipids in Pomegranate Seeds*. Nihon Daigaku No-Juigakubu Gakujutsu Kenkyu Hokoku,* Vol.38, pp.141-148, ISSN 0016-5964 Turk, G., Sonmez, M., Aydin, M., Yuce, A., Gur, S., Yuksel, M., Aksu, E.H. & Aksoy, H.

Van Elswijk, D.A., Schobel, U.P., Lansky, E.P., Irth, H. & van der Greef, J. (2004). Rapid

Vardin, H. & Abbasoglu, M. (2004). Nar Eksisi ve Narin Diger Degerlendirme Olanaklari.

Viuda-Martos, M., Fernández-López, J. & Pérez-Álvarez, J.A. (2010). Pomegranate and

Voravuthikunchai, S.P. & Limsuwan, S. (2006). Medicinal Plant Extracts as anti-Escherichia

Wang, R., Ding, Y., Liu, R., Xiang, L. & Du, L. (2010). Pomegranate: Constituents,

Rats. *Clinical Nutrition*, Vol.27, No.2, pp.289-296, ISSN 0261-5614

*Geleneksel Gidalar Sempozyumu*, Van, Turkiye, 23-24 September

*Protection*, Vol.69, No.10, pp.2336-2341, ISSN 0362-028X

*Photobiology,* Vol.82, No.2, pp.398-405, ISSN 0031-8655

*Analysis,* Vol.19, No.1, pp.1-10, ISSN 0889-1575

*Research*, Vol.35, No.1, pp.1-16, ISSN 0743-5800

Vol.65, No.2, pp.233-241, ISSN 0031-9422

ISSN 0933-7407

ISSN 0969-6970

1541-4337

pp.1375-1380, ISSN 0014-5793

of Cellular Pathways in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. *Photochemistry* 

Aerosol as an Applicable Sanitizing Method. *Mycoses,* Vol.52, No.2, pp.117-122,

Acid Enhances Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic b-cells. *FEBS Letters*, Vol.582, No.9,

Activity and Total Phenolic, Organic Acid and Sugar Content in Commercial Pomegranate Juices. *Food Chemistry,* Vol.115, No.3, pp.873-877, ISSN 0308-8146 Thresiamma, K.C. & Kuttan, R. (1996). Inhibition of Liver Fibrosis by Ellagic Acid. *Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology*, Vol.40, pp.363-366, ISSN 0019-5499 Toi, M., Bando, H., Ramachandran, C., Melnick, S.J., Imai, A., Fife, R.S., Carr, R.E., Oikawa,

T. & Lansky, E.P. (2003) Preliminary Studies on the Anti-angiogenic Potential of Pomegranate Fractions in vitro and in vivo. *Angiogenesis* Vol.6, No.2, pp. 121-128,

Composition of Greenhouse-grown Tomatoes. *Journal of Food Composition and* 

R.A. (2010). Pomegranate (*Punica granatum*) Seed Linolenic Acid Isomers: Concentration-dependent Modulation of Estrogen Receptor Activity. *Endocrine* 

(2008). Effects of Pomegranate Juice Consumption on Sperm Quality, Spermatogenic Cell Density, Antioxidant Activity and Testosterone Level in Male

Dereplication of Estrogenic Compounds in Pomegranate (*Punica granatum*) using on-line Biochemical Detection Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. *Phytochemistry*,

Many Functional Components as Related to Human Health: A Review. *Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety,* Vol.9, No.6, pp.635-654, ISSN

coli O157:H7 Agents and their Effects on Bacterial Cell Aggregation. *Journal of Food* 

Bioactivities and Pharmacokinetics. In: *Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Science and Biotechnology,* da Silva, J.A.T. (Ed), pp. 77-87, ISSN 1752-3419, Global Science Books

Urine for up to 48 hours. *Journal of Nutrition*, Vol.136, No.10, pp.2481-2485, ISSN 0022-3166


Seppi, A. & Franciosi, A. (1980). Chemical Composition of Pomegranate Juice (*Punica* 

Sharma, M., Li, L., Celver, J., Killian, C., Kovoor, A. & Seeram, N.P. (2010). Effects of Fruit

Shukla, M., Gupta, K., Rasheed, Z., Khan, K.A., & Haqqi, T.M. (2008). Bioavailable

Singh, A. & Singh, P.K. (2009). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Chandauli

Singh, D. & Sethi, V. (2003). Screening of Pomegranate Genotypes for the Preparation of

Singh, D. & Singh, R.K. (2004). Processed Products of Pomegranate. *Natural Product Radiance.*

Singh, R.P., Gupta, A.K. & Bhatia, A.K. (1990). Utilization of Wild Pomegranate in North-

Sivarajan, V.V. & Balachandran, I. (1994). *Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources*. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., ISBN 9788120408289, New Delhi, India Sturgeon, S.R. & Ronnenberg, A.G. (2010). Pomegranate and Breast Cancer: Possible

Su, X., Sangster, M.Y. & D'Souza, D.H. (2010). *In vitro* Effects of Pomegranate Juice and

Sumner, M.D., Elliott-Eller, M., Weidner, G., Daubenmier, J.J., Chew, M.H., Marlin, R.,

Surh, Y.J. (2003). Cancer Chemoprevention with Dietary Phytochemicals. *Nature Reviews* 

Suzuki, R., Noguchi, R., Ota, T., Abe, M., Miyashita, K.. & Kawada, T. (2001). Cytotoxic

Syed, D.N., Afaq, F. & Mukhtar, H. (2007). Pomegranate Derived Products for Cancer

Syed, D.N., Malik, A., Hadi, N., Sarfaraz, S., Afaq, F. & Mukhtar, H. (2006). Photo-

*dell'Alimentazione*, Vol.9, pp.211-212, ISSN 0391-4887

0022-3166

1078-7852

6643

579X

3969, ISSN 0021-8561

329, ISSN 0378-8741

pp.236-238, ISSN 0022-1155

Vol.3, No.2, pp.66-68, ISSN 0972-592X

*Indigenius Fruits,* pp.100-107, New Delhi, India.

*Dis*ease, Vol.7, No.12, pp.1473-1479, ISSN 1535-3141

*Cancer,* Vol.3, No.10, pp.768-780, ISSN 1474-175X

*Journal of Cardiology,* Vol.96, No.6, pp. 810-814, ISSN 0002-9149

Leukemia Cells. *Lipids,* Vol.36, No.5, pp. 477-482, ISSN 0024-4201

Urine for up to 48 hours. *Journal of Nutrition*, Vol.136, No.10, pp.2481-2485, ISSN

*granatum*): Amino Acid Contents. *Rivista della Società Italiana di Scienze* 

Ellagitannin Extracts, Ellagic Acid, and Their Colonic Metabolite, Urolithin A, on Wnt Signaling. *Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,* Vol.58, No.7, pp. 3965-

Constituents/metabolites of Pomegranate (*Punica granatum L*) preferentially Inhibit COX2 Activity ex vivo and IL-1beta-induced PGE2 Production in Human Chondrocytes in vitro. *Journal of Inammation* (Lond), Vol.5, No.1, pp.9-19, ISSN

district of Uttar Pradesh, India. *Journal of Ethnopharmacology*, Vol.121, No.2, pp 324-

Quality Grade Anardana. *Journal of Food Science and Technology*, Vol.40, No.2,

west Himalayas-Status and Problems. In:*Proc Nat Semi Production and Marketing of* 

Mechanisms of Prevention. *Nutrition Reviews,* Vol.68, No.2, pp.122–128, ISSN 0029-

Pomegranate Polyphenols on Foodborne Viral Surrogates. *Foodborne Pathogens and* 

Raisin, C.J. & Ornish, D. (2005). Effects of Pomegranate Juice Consumption on Myocardial Perfusion in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. *The American* 

Effect of Conjugated Trienoic Fatty Acids on Mouse Tumor and Human Monocytic

Chemoprevention. *Seminars in Cancer Biology,* Vol.17, No.5, pp.377-385, ISSN 1044-

chemopreventive Effect of Pomegranate Fruit Extract on UVA-mediated Activation

of Cellular Pathways in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. *Photochemistry Photobiology,* Vol.82, No.2, pp.398-405, ISSN 0031-8655


**Section 3** 

**Strategies for Treatment** 

**and Advances from the Clinic** 

