**2.4.3 Coffee and tea use**

Coffee and tea drinking is a widespread habit. Both coffee and tea contain many bioactive substances (antioxidants, phenols) with in vitro anticarcinogenic characteristics (Ferruzzi, 2010). Consumption of 3 cups of coffee per day (equivalent to 300 mg of caffeine) is considered to be moderate (Tverdal et al., 2011).

It is still not known whether coffee consumption increases the risk of any type of cancer. Evidence concerning the link between coffee and esophageal and pancreatic cancer are inconsistent and difficult to interpret, due to the confounding effects of tobacco and alcohol use (WCRF & AICR, 2007; Ferruzzi, 2010).

Laboratory experiments and animal testing showed chemoprotective activity of tea polyphenols, but there are not enough evidence to confirm the same in human population (WCRF & AICR, 2007; Lambert & Yang, 2003).
