**2.4.4 Soft drinks**

Soft drinks consumption shows an increase of 5.0% per year, that is an increase from 467 to 552 billion litres from 2004 to 2007 (Zenith International, 2005, 2008). Cola drinks and carbonated soft drinks reportedly accounted for 42.0% of 467 billion litres of soft drinks consumed within one year, in contrast to fruit juices, nectars and fruit drinks which accounted for 8.0% in 2004 (Zenith International, 2005).

Lifestyle Changes May Prevent Cancer 167

ADA. (2009). Position of the American Dietetic Association: Functional Foods. *Journal of the* 

AICR & WCRF. (2009). *Policy and Action for Cancer Prevention. Food, Nutrition, and Physical* 

Allen, N.E., Beral, V., Casabonne, D., Kan, S.W., Reeves, G.K., Brown, A. & Green, J.; Million

Allen, N.E., Sauvaget, C., Roddam, A.W., Appleby, P., Nagano, J., Suzuki, G., Key, T.J. &

American Cancer Society & Livestrong. (2010). *The Global Economic Cost of Cancer*, American

American Diabetic Association & ADA. (2003). *Exchange List for Meal Planning*. ADA, ISBN

Aune, D., De Stefani, E., Ronco, A.L., Boffetta, P., Deneo-Pellegrini, H., Acosta, G. &

Aune, D., De Stefani, E., Ronco, A.L., Boffetta, P., Deneo-Pellegrini, H., Acosta, G. &

Aune, D., Lau, R., Chan, D.S., Vieira, R., Greenwood, D.C., Kampman, E. & Norat, T. (2011).

Barclay, A.W., Petocz, P., McMillan-Price, J., Flood, V.M., Prvan, T., Mitchell, P. &

Béliveau, R. & Gingras, D. (2007). Role of Nutrition in Preventing Cancer. *Canadian Family Physician*, Vol.53, No.11, (November 2007), pp. 1905-1911, ISSN 0008-350X Bigaard, J., Frederiksen, K., Tjønneland, A., Thomsen, B.L., Overvad, K., Heitmann, B.L. &

Boffeta, P. & Hashibe, M. (2006). Alcohol and Cancer. *Lancet Oncology*, Vol.7, No.2,

8223

Columbia, USA

0957-5243

2009), pp. 296-305, ISSN 0027-8874

Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

No.5, pp. 869-876, ISSN 1513-7368

2009), pp. 1605-1615, ISSN 0957-5243

Vol.8, No.4, (April 2007), pp. 292-293, ISSN 1470-2045

Vol.87, No.3, (March 2008), pp. 627-637, ISSN 0002-9165

*Obesity*, Vol.29, (3 May 2005), pp. 778-784, ISSN 1476-5497

(February 2006), pp. 149-156, ISSN 1470-2045

978-0880913102, Alexandria, Virginia, USA

*American Dietetic Association*, Vol.109, No.4, (April 2009), pp. 735-746, ISSN 0002-

*Activity: a Global Perspective*, AICR, ISBN 978-0-9722522-4-9, Washington, District of

Women Study Collaborators. (2009). Moderate Alcohol Intake and Cancer Incidence in Women. *Journal of the National Cancer Institute*, Vol.101, No.5, (4 March

Koyama, K. (2004). A Prospective Study of Diet and Prostate Cancer in Japanese Men. *Cancer Causes & Control*, Vol.15, No.9, (November 2004), pp. 911-920, ISSN

Mendilaharsu, M. (2009a). Egg Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: a Multisite Case-control Study in Uruguay. *Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention*, Vol.10,

Mendilaharsu, M. (2009b). Legume Intake and the Risk of Cancer: a Multisite Case-control Study in Uruguay. *Cancer Causes & Control*, Vol.20, No.9, (November

Dairy Products and Colorectal Cancer Risk: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort. *Annals of Oncology*, [Epub ahead of print] 26 May 2011, ISSN 1569-8041 Baan, R., Straif, K., Grosse, Y., Secretan, B., El Ghissassi, F., Bouvard, V., Altieri, A. &

Cogliano, V; WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group. (2007). Carcinogenity and Alcoholic Beverages. *Lancet Oncology*,

Brand-Miller, J.C. (2008). Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load and Chronic Disease Risk - a Meta Analysis of Observational Studies. *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*,

Sørensen, T.I.A. (2005). Waist Circumference and Body Composition in Relation to All-cause Mortality in Middle-aged Men and Women. *International Journal of* 

Currently, findings on the effects of soft drinks on cancer risks are limited and inconsistent (WCRF & AICR, 2007).

Soft drinks are significant contributors to added sugar intake which leads to body mass increase, overweigh, obesity and consequently to NCDs. Eminent international organizations do not consider soft drinks to be a part of healthy and active lifestyle (WCRF & AICR, 2007; WHO, 2005; USDA & U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011).
