**8. Treatment of esophagus functional disorders caused by vertebral dysfunction**

In addition to patients with clearly defined pathomorphological esophageal changes, a group of patients without obvious morphological variations had functional spinal disorders. The positive effect of manipulation therapy to relieve pain of the spine and affected organs

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has been known since the beginning of the twentieth century—originally cited in the works of Palmer and Still, and later referred to by Pikalov. (Pikalov & Kharin, 1994). In the past, it was found that somatic changes in the body caused by irritation are accompanied by an autonomic nervous system reaction that affects gastrointestinal system organs (Sato & Tera, 1976). The Beal study demonstrated a close relationship between changes in soft tissues and corresponding changes in the segmental innervation area (Beal, 1983, 1984).

Musculoskeletal (manual) medicine techniques can reduce pain and normalize the dysphagia. Using scintigraphy, this can be objectively measured. A significant relationship between dynamic scintigraphy and nonobstructive dysphagia/swallowing and spinal axis problems has been observed. Dynamic scintigraphy allowed for an objective treatment assessment (Vanaskova et al., 2001).

The effect of functional disorder treatment significantly influences psychological and emotional status of the patients. It is necessary to positively motivate the patient and then provide relaxation for both the body and the mind. From clinical practice and sports medicine we know that the use of methods of rehabilitation medicine can affect pain perception threshold, release tension and provide a feeling of well being by achieving stimulation of attention. Changes after therapy affect the function of the locomotor system, reflex actions, and internal organs. The effect of manipulative (manual) therapy in reducing anxiety and improving ability to solve numerical tasks were documented in the EEG records by Field and colleagues (Field et al, 1996).
