**Preface XIII**


X Contents


Contents VII

Chapter 19 **Appendiceal MALT Lymphoma in** 

Chapter 21 **The Influence of Colonic Irrigation** 

Yoko Uchiyama-Tanaka

Chapter 23 **Recontructive Biliary Surgery in the**

Chapter 26 **Selected Algorithms of Computational** 

Elisabeth Rakus-Andersson

Chapter 22 **Pancreato-Biliary Cancers –** 

Nam Q. Nguyen

Chapter 24 **Hepatic Encephalopathy 495** 

Antonio Marte, Gianpaolo Marte, Lucia Pintozzi and Pio Parmeggiani

**Childhood – Presentation and Evolution 419** 

Chapter 20 **The Surgical Management of Chronic Pancreatitis 429** 

**on Human Intestinal Microbiota 449**

**Section 4 Diseases of the Liver and Biliary Tract 459** 

**Diagnosis and Management 461** 

Beata Jabłońska and Paweł Lampe

Om Parkash, Adil Aub and Saeed Hamid

Chapter 25 **Adverse Reactions and Gastrointestinal Tract 511** A. Lorenzo Hernández, E. Ramirez and Jf. Sánchez Muñoz-Torrero

**Treatment of Iatrogenic Bile Duct Injuries 477** 

**Intelligence in Gastric Cancer Decision Making 529** 

S. Burmeister, P.C. Bornman, J.E.J. Krige and S.R. Thomson



VI Contents

Chapter 8 **Swallowing Disorders**

Chapter 9 **Enhanced Ulcer Recognition from** 

Chapter 10 **Methods of Protein Digestive** 

Chapter 11 **Mesenteric Vascular Disease 235**

Chapter 12 **A Case Based Approach to** 

Andrew S. Freiberg

Chapter 13 **Emerging Approaches for the** 

Chapter 15 **Evaluating Lymphoma Risk in** 

Chapter 16 **Development, Optimization and** 

Soňa Gancarčíková

Neeraj Prasad

**Section 3 Pathophysiology and Treatment of** 

Amer Jomha and Markus Schmidt

**Related to Vertebrogenic Dysfunctions 175** 

**Capsule Endoscopic Images Using Texture Analysis 185**  Vasileios Charisis, Leontios Hadjileontiadis and George Sergiadis

Eva Vanaskova, Jiri Dolina and Ales Hep

**Stability Assay – State of the Art 211**  Mikhail Akimov and Vladimir Bezuglov

**Severe Microcytic Anemia in Children 247** 

**Pancreatic and Intestinal Disorders 267**

**Due to Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency 269**

**Diarrhoea and Inflammatory Bowel Disease 297** Bhavani Prasad Kota, Aik Wei Teoh and Basil D. Roufogalis

**Absorption Mechanism of DHP107, Oral Paclitaxel Formulation for Single-Agent Anticancer Therapy 357**

**Between Gnotobiotic and Conventionally Bred Piglets 375**

**Treatment of Fat Malabsorption** 

**Medicines and Their Active Principles Used in the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer,** 

**Inflammatory Bowel Disease 311**

In-Hyun Lee, Jung Wan Hong, Yura Jang, Yeong Taek Park and Hesson Chung

Chapter 17 **Differences in the Development of the Small Intestine**

Chapter 18 **Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome 415**  Rani Sophia and Waseem Ahmad Bashir

Saoussen Turki and Héla Kallel

Chapter 14 **Pharmacology of Traditional Herbal** 


Preface

The purpose of writing this book was to overview recent hot topics in gastroenterology with a focus directed towards information derived from the bench and used at the patient's bedside. To address these issues, scientists who are working on a daily basis in the field of experimental gastroenterology and clinical investigators, with their chapter proposal's being *peer-reviewed*, all have integrated their attempts to summarize the recent advances in the pathophysiology and therapy of upper and lower gastrointestinal tract disorders. Such an integrative approach in basic and clinical gastroenterology seems to be essential for the pathomechanism, proper diagnosis and management of patients who suffer from gastrointestinal disorders. The potential reader will not only find in this book the recent advances in the physiology and pathomechanism of GI tract disorders, but also the treatment options based on pharmacological and surgical intervention and the recent advances in the biological therapy with probiotics and prebiotics, which nowadays is a rapidly growing area of interest. For instance, *Betta and Vitaliti* described in their review, the direct and indirect effects of probiotics in the functional interactions between bacteria, gut epithelium, gut mucosal immune system and systemic immune system. The direct effect of probiotics in the lumen include the competition with pathogens for nutrients, production of antimicrobial substances and in particular organic acids competitive inhibition on the receptor sites, change in the composition of mucin hydrolysis of toxins, receptor hydrolysis, and nitric oxide (NO). The indirect effect of probiotics largely depends on the site of interaction between the probiotic and the effectors of the immune response. *Thantasha et al*., presented the number of specific properties or criteria a microbial strain has to fulfill in order for it to be regarded as a probiotic. These criteria are classified into its safety profile, performance within the GI tract and technological aspects of its development. The criteria are further dependent on the specific purpose of the strain and on the location for the expression of the specific property. With regards to safety, the probiotic strain must be of human origin, isolated from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of healthy individuals. The strain itself, its fermentation products or its cell components after its death, should be non-pathogenic, non-toxic, non-allergic, non-mutagenic or non-carcinogenic even when given to immunocompromised individuals. The detailed criteria for the probiotic is underlined with respect to their performance, acid-tolerance and survival in the human gastric juices and bile. Probiotic bacteria must be able to survive in sufficient numbers and
