**5. References**

Alveres, WC. (2001). Origin of so-called autointoxication symptoms. *JAMA*.72: pp. 8-13.


intoxication and tissue destruction that are seen in the septic response characteristics of MOF (Swank & Deitch,1996; Garcia-Tsao et al., 1995; Purohit et al., 2008). Thus, colonic

Although irrigation is useful for establishing a "good" status in the intestine in terms of removing fecal residues, we should not expect too much from these irrigations. Factors like proper nutrition and food intake and a stress-free life style are also important in improving the microbiota, rather than colonic irrigations alone. One report showed that the microbiota of people on a strict vegetarian diet was very different from those on normal diets (Hayashi et al. 2002b). The removal of residual fecal matter in the colon may provide a break from a

Colonic irrigation is relatively safe and is a good method for impressing upon patients the importance of intestinal care. But according to the results of this study, some patients' microbiota deteriorated. Although safe in terms of serum electrolytes, it should be noted that colonic irrigations should not be performed for patients with renal failure, heart disease, liver cirrhosis with ascites, recent abdominal surgery, pregnancy, and other conditions. In addition, excessive therapy such as everyday irrigations should be avoided. This may result in the loss of massive amount of digestive fluid. Except for the first 3 times of colonic irrigation, subsequent irrigations should be performed within a minimum 1

This study was limited by its small study population. Some subjects showed reduced proportions in beneficial fecal bacteria, although their symptoms including allergic rhinorrhea, constipation, skin itching, and eczema, were improved. We should be careful with regard to the duration and number of irrigations administered and preferably take probiotics after colonic irrigation. If the patient is in a "good" status in terms of stool

Another limitation of this study was that the actual numbers of bacteria were not determined using these methods. T-RFLP is only useful for estimating the proportions of bacteria. Hence, we need a more efficient quantitative method for bacterial analysis in

In conclusion, colonic irrigation has no influence on serum electrolytes and may induce

Alveres, WC. (2001). Origin of so-called autointoxication symptoms. *JAMA*.72: pp. 8-13. Alverez, WC.; Freedlander. BL.(1924). The rate of progress of food residues through the

Ando, A.; Sakata, S., Koizumi, Y., Mitsuyama, K., Fujiyama, Y., Benno, Y.(2007). Terminal

restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the diversity of fecal microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis. *Inflamm Bowel Dis.* 13: pp. 955-962. Cerf-Bensussan, N.; Guy-Grand, D., Griscelli, C. (1985). Intraepithelial lymphocytes of

human gut: isolation, characterization and study of natural killer activity. *Gut.* 26:

analysis, a single trial with an adequate duration would be sufficient.

addition to the existing one with an advantageous cost versus performance.

improvements in symptoms without any effects on the intestinal microbiota.

bad dietary cycle and highlight the importance of intestinal care in everyday life.

irrigation is useful for removing fecal residues.

month interval.

**5. References** 

pp.81-88

bowel. *JAMA*. 83: pp. 576-580.


**Section 4** 

**Diseases of the Liver and Biliary Tract** 

both thymus-derived T cells and extrathymic T cells in mice. *Immunol Cell Biol*. 83: pp.504-510.

