**5. Conclusion**

16 Recent Advances in Plasticizers

PVC 100 100 DINP 80 - CP 40 - Flexidone 300 - 20 ESO 5 80 Plasticizer total 125 100 CaCO3 20 50 Stabilizer 2,5 2,5 *Shore A 53 50* 

Table 1. Formulation and Shore A for soft-PVC shoe soles containing Cl-paraffin.

Flexidone 300 (see Table 2).

**4.2 Avoiding use of critical plasticizers** 

ESH profile.

In case of the DOA system the aim was to improve the softness from Shore A 60 to 56, at the same time increasing of the compatibility/proccessability of DOA and improving the clarity. The target could be achieved by replacing 20 phr DOA with the same amount of

PVC 100 100

DOA 80 60

Flexidone 300 - 20

ESO 5 5

Stabilizer 2,5 2,5

*Shore A 60 56* 

These two examples show what a powerful tool Flexidone is in solving a lot of practical processing and/or performance problems of flexible PVC formulators. An extensive set of

In studies of rodents exposed to certain phthalates, high doses have been shown to change hormone levels and cause birth defects (National report, 2009). Therefore in the U.S. children's toy or child care article that contains concentrations of more than 0.1 percent of DEHP, DBP (dibutyl phthalate), or BBP (butylbenzyl phthalate) are illegal (Congress, 2007). In plastisol applications DBP and BBP are widely used as fast-fusing plasticizers in DINP. As figure 18 proves, Flexidone 100 and 300 can easily replace fast-fusers with unfavourable

Table 2. Formulations and Shore A for soft-PVC shoe soles with reduced Hardness.

experimental data is available to help finding solutions to meet customers' needs.

It could be shown, that Flexidone's are very efficient PVC plasticizers. They are up to 50% more efficient than standard plasticizer. Since they improve a lot of mechanical and processing properties in mixed plasticizer systems, cost effective plasticizer systems with superior properties could be presented. In any case the presence of Flexidone in the plasticizer system results in


Therefore the Flexidone family of plasticizers represents breakthrough technology in "cold flex" performance of plastics. Depending on the application, it can offer a great deal more. Flexidone plasticizers expand the options in PVC formulation, manufacturing and endproduct design. This flexibility lets re-imagine the potential of demanding applications and reconfigure processing for unprecedented efficiencies.

**2** 

*México* 

**By-Products From** 

*Departamento de Investigación y* 

*Posgrado en Alimentos/Universidad de Sonora* 

**Jumbo Squid (***Dosidicus gigas***):** 

**A New Source of Collagen Bio-Plasticizer?** 

Josafat Marina Ezquerra-Brauer\*, Mario Hiram Uriarte-Montoya,

The applications of jumbo squid by-products as plasticizer agents have been never received much attention, even though there are several studies in which the properties of the catch

The principal by-products that result from the catch and processing of seafood include viscera, heads, cut-offs, bone, and skin. Therefore, a large and considerable volume of solid waste is obtained, constituting an important source of environmental contaminants unless efforts for their recovery are attained (Arvanitoyannis & Kassaveti, 2008). In the case of squid, one the largest known mollusks, the global capture represents no more than 2% of the total catch. However, by-products from squid processing, which include heads, viscera, backbones or pens, ink, skin, unclaimed fins, mantles, and tentacles, may represent up to 60% of the whole weight. In addition, from all the different anatomical squid components regarded as by-products only the beak and pen are not edible. Thus, since most of the squid is not used, its by-products also pose an environmental issue for this fishery, especially in areas where it is harvested the most. The valuable and profitable components that these byproducts contain include among others chitin, chitosan, collagen, and gelatin (Kim &

Collagen is a fibrous protein responsible for structural sustaining of several animal tissues, being the main protein present in skin, bones, tendons, cartilages, and teeth. In the case of mammalians, it accounts for about 20-30% from the total body protein (Quereshi et al., 2010). The term collagen derives from the Greek word *kolla* which means glue and was defined as "that constituent of connective tissue which yield gelatin on boiling" (Oxford University, 1893). Nowadays, although collagen is most of the time referred as to a single item, in fact it is a heterogeneous group of at least 19 different molecules which have a unique triple-helix configuration that forms very strong fibers. Collagen is characterized by its unusual amino acid composition, in which glycine and proline account for about 50% of them. Indeed, each polypeptide called α chain consists of a repeated sequence of the triplet Gly-X-Y,

and processing discards for productions of films have been reported.

**1. Introduction** 

Mendis, 2006; Shahidi, 2006).

Joe Luis Arias-Moscoso and Maribel Plascencia-Jatomea

#### **6. References**

