**5. Conclusion**

Exploration of biodiversity is imperative (Boero, 2009) but is needed of features helping to the specific identification and differentiation especially among cryptic species. Currently, in addition to the morphological characters, easily observed and absolutely useful when well defined, other characteristics are available, such as the genetic or the behavioural ones. The sound production in insects provides excellent traits allowing discriminating species on the basis of the sound characteristics, in the time and in the frequency domains, as well as in the behavioural traits of the context in which sound is produced.

*Rammathocerus brunneri* and *R. pictus* are sympatric Neotropical Gomphocerinae species with very similar morphological traits, even those related to the stridulatory file, that is, the sound producing organ. Nevertheless, they produce songs that result species specific, offering new features to be considered for their actual specific status. In addition to that, the sounds and its accompanying behaviour provide new evidences to be taken into account in the phylogenetic history of the genus.

Thus, the acoustic behaviour, when present, is worth of being considered in taxonomic revisions due to its demonstrated utility. The job of naming animals is far from having been carried out (Boero, 2009) and sound can help to complete that job.
