**3.1 Effect of different sources of sugar and nitrogen on the dried fungal biomass of entomopathogenic fungi**

Significant differences in dried biomass of *M. anisopliae* (*F* = 10.632; df = 14, 45; *P* < 0.001), *B. bassiana* (*F* = 9.286; df = 14, 45; *P* < 0.001) and *I. fumosorosea* (*F* = 9.596; df = 14, 45; *P* < 0.001) were observed when fungi were grown on media containing different sources of nitrogen and sugar in different combinations. The media supplemented with sugarcane molasses (SM) afforded comparatively higher growth of *M. anisopliae* and *I. fumosorosea* than glucose (Fig. 1a, c). The growth medium contained G + CSL + YE, showed the lowest growth (12.95 mg/ml) of *M. anisopliae*. The glucose in combination with CSL, PE and YE showed higher growth; while their combination among them did not afford higher fungal growth (Fig. 1a). The growth medium such as G + CSL + PE, G + CSL + YE and G + PE + YE, afforded the lowest growth of *I. fumosorosea* and non significant differences were observed among them (Fig. 1c). *B. bassiana* grown on media supplemented with SM in combination with CSL, PE

Current Status of Entomopathogenic Fungi

cd cd cd <sup>d</sup> <sup>d</sup> <sup>d</sup>

table 1.

*anisopliae*.

**D ry w eight (m**

 **g/m l)**

G+CSL

G+PE

**entomopathogenic fungi** 

G+YE

G+CSL+PE

SM + CSL medium after 40 h and 60 h (Fig. 2a).

G+CSL+YE

G+PE+YE

G+CSL+PE+YE

SM+CSL

**Growth Media**

Fig. 1. Influence of media composition on the dried biomass (mg/ml) of (a) *M. anisopliae* (b) *B. bassiana* and (c) *I. fumosorosea*. Mean ± SE values with the same letter(s) along the bars of different growth media are not significantly different (*P <* 0.05). For detail of treatments see

**3.2 Effect of different sources of sugar and nitrogen on the blastospores growth of** 

*M. anisopliae* growth observed from the shake flask cultures supported with different media differed significantly after 20 h (*F* = 96.535; df = 14, 45; *P* < 0.001), 40 h (*F* = 77.536; df = 14, 45; *P* < 0.001) and 60 h (*F* = 67.381; df = 14, 45; *P* < 0.001). As the incubation time elapsed, the concentration of the blastospores increased. After 20 h complete growth media (G + SM + CSL + PE + YE), afforded the highest growth of the yeast like hyphal bodies of the *M.* 

While, G + PE, G + YE and G + PE + YE showed the lowest optical density of the growth media. After 40 and 60 h of incubation, the medium SM + CSL produced higher concentration of the blastospores (1.995) and remained significantly at higher level than any medium. While G + PE + YE media, showed the lowest values at both the studied time intervals (40 h and 60 h). The complete medium also afforded the growth of the fungi, which ultimately showed higher OD values of the blastospores but significantly at lower level than

SM+PE

SM+YE

SM+CSL+PE

SM+CSL+YE

SM+PE+YE

SM+CSL+PE+YE

+CSL+PE+YE

G+SM

as Mycoinecticides and Their Inexpensive Development in Liquid Cultures 111

(c)

a

ab

b b b b

bc

ab

ab

and YE showed significantly higher growth compared to the media containing glucose as sugar source (Fig. 1b). In contrast, their combinations (CSL, PE and YE) with one another in the presence of glucose as sugar source produced higher growth compared with SM (Fig. 1b). The medium SM + CSL afforded higher growth ranges from 31.46-35.28 mg/ml in all the studied fungal strains (Fig. 1a-c).

and YE showed significantly higher growth compared to the media containing glucose as sugar source (Fig. 1b). In contrast, their combinations (CSL, PE and YE) with one another in the presence of glucose as sugar source produced higher growth compared with SM (Fig. 1b). The medium SM + CSL afforded higher growth ranges from 31.46-35.28 mg/ml in all

(a)

ab ab bcd

fg

h

G+PE+YE

bcd abc abc

G+CSL+PE+YE

SM+CSL

**Growth Media**

a

**(b)** 

ab

SM+PE

SM+YE

bcd

SM+CSL+PE

SM+CSL+YE

SM+PE+YE

def def cde bcde cde

SM+CSL+PE+YE

G+SM+CSL+PE+YE

fg

gh

<sup>a</sup> ab

ab

bcde bc

bcdef

the studied fungal strains (Fig. 1a-c).

cde def <sup>f</sup> ef

**Dry weight (mg/ml)**

G+CSL

G+PE

G+YE

G+CSL+PE

g

efg

fg

**Dry weight (mg/ml)**

G+CSL

G+PE

G+YE

G+CSL+PE

G+CSL+YE

G+PE+YE

G+CSL+PE+YE

SM+CSL

**Growth Media**

SM+PE

SM+YE

SM+CSL+PE

SM+CSL+YE

SM+PE+YE

SM+CSL+PE+YE

G+SM+CSL+PE+YE

G+CSL+YE

(c)

Fig. 1. Influence of media composition on the dried biomass (mg/ml) of (a) *M. anisopliae* (b) *B. bassiana* and (c) *I. fumosorosea*. Mean ± SE values with the same letter(s) along the bars of different growth media are not significantly different (*P <* 0.05). For detail of treatments see table 1.
