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**1. Introduction** 

estimation results in several situations.

decline in the citrus industry as a result of HLB.

**1.1 Citrus greening disease** 

**5** 

*Japan* 

**Development of an Individual-Based** 

**Simulation Model for the Spread** 

**the Vector Insect** *Diaphorina citri*

To establish an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system for crop pest insects and disease, risk assessment of relevant hindrances is necessary. Typically, the data for such risk assessment analysis is collected through a field survey or field experiments. However, the clarification of important factors often requires assessment of the interaction between such factors. Modelling provides a basis for the theoretical description of such interaction, based on field data, and for relevant simulations. We developed a simulation model which estimates the spread of citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing, HLB) by the vector insect *Diaphorina citri* Kuwayama*.* Then, we examined the parameters affecting the spread dynamics of the disease, using the model to inform risk assessment. We targeted the area of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, one of the regions severely affected by the spread of HLB. At the beginning of this chapter, we describe the disease and the vector insect. Then we outline the developmental methodology for the HLB disease-spread estimation model. Finally, we provide suggestions aimed at preventing the spread of HLB, based on the disease-spread

Citrus greening disease is a limiting factor in citrus production worldwide (Bové, 2006). The symptoms of HLB are similar to those of nutritional stress (Halbert & Manjunath, 2004). A survey conducted over an eight-year period in Réunion Island, for example, indicated that 65% of the trees were badly damaged and rendered unproductive within seven years of planting (Aubert et al., 1996). In Thailand, citrus trees generally decline within 5-8 years after planting due to HLB (Roistacher, 1996). In his compilation of global infection statistics, Toorawa (1998) estimated that 50 million trees were infected in South and Southeast Asia, and 3 million were infected in Africa. In India and Saudi Arabia, there has been a marked

Youichi Kobori1, Fugo Takasu2 and Yasuo Ohto3 *1Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences,* 

*2Nara Women's University,* 

*3National Agricultural Research Center,* 

**of Citrus Greening Disease by** 

