**5. Conclusion**

SEA represents one of the most biodiverse regions on the planet, yet throughout SEA species are at risk due to dynamic interactions between numerous threats, including both direct and indirect drivers of human mediated biodiversity loss. In order to have any chance of preserving a fraction of the current fauna, major changes are needed in human activities, which requires education of people throughout SEA and the minimisation of corruption at all levels. Only if people can gain from the preservation of current biodiversity can it remain, and therefore schemes that use the environment in a sustainable manner present ways for affecting change. Even under fairly minimal impact scenarios modelled, almost all bat species lost original habitat (up to 99%), and many will be unable to reach new suitable areas (A.C. Hughes et al., in review). To allow species to respond to climate change without going extinct will require not only the cessation of destructive activities, but the active intervention of humans to create forested corridors between current forests to allow species an opportunity to reach suitable habitat under changing conditions.

There is no doubt that even with direct conservation action, climatic change and direct environmental change will lead to the loss of species, some as yet undescribed. What cannot yet be quantified is the number of species which will become extinct during the next century, because the number of extinctions is under the direct control of human choices and actions made now. At this point in time humans do have an opportunity to reduce the impacts of destructive human activities and mitigate the effect of climatic change through effective and considered conservation activities, but with further inaction we as a species increase the total number of other species that will become extinct due to our unsustainable human activities.
