**1. Introduction**

As the title implies, this chapter concerns the traits of students who select obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) as a career, and the various factors which attract or inhibit them from entering a residency. Various professional organizations, medical students, residents and authors have differing opinions whether OB/GYN is considered a primary care residency, or a core surgical specialty (Indyk et al., 2011; Jacoby et al., 1998; Laube & Ling, 1999; McAlister et al., 2007). The reader needs to decide which definition is preferred. Regardless of the choice, the vast majority of these data can be applied to either definition. Although almost all studies collect data about OB/GYN vs. just obstetrics, these data can be applied to both designations. Finally, all data are gathered from the US unless otherwise indicated.
