**5. Clinical course, management, and outcomes**

The effects of fetal urinary tract obstruction on renal development, renal function, and urodynamics will be unique to each individual patient, and there may be significant clinical variability between patients thought to have similar obstructive lesions or processes. The clinical course is influenced by many factors; those intrinsic to each patient include the developmental stage at which the obstruction arises, the degree and duration of blockage, and its location. However, accurate tools to measure and determine the prognostic impact of these various factors in any individual case do not exist.
