**7. Conclusion**

We found that three phytochemicals that had inhibitory effects upon α-glucosidase also had inhibitory effects on glucan synthesis by GTase. This time we introduced partially decomposed alginate by SUN53, the extractive from the leaves of *Morus alba* and the extractive from *Salacia chinensis*. And Alg53 suppressed pH decline by the production of organic acids from glucose. Therefore, these phytochemicals are expected to be used as multiple functional food materials that can prevent the development of dental caries. Furthermore, these results may suggest that we propose the screening steps, another phytochemicals that have anticariogenic effects but haven't clarified yet.

#### **8. References**


In Japan, various types of functional foods have been developed and widely consumed for health promortion. Some of them have been advanced for prevention of dental caries. GTase inhibitors and sugar substitutes that are not the direct cause of dental caries are actively developed and utilized as preventive foods for dental caries. Recently, functional materials which enhance the defence system of host on dental caries are further added to those foods. For example, there are functional materials that promote re-mineralization of tooth and stimulate saliva excretion to block oral pH decline. The probiotics which improves oral bacterial flora may also be expected to be one of these functions. If functional materials that have different types of preventive effect for dental caries are combined in a functional food,

**6. Future prospects of functional foods for the prevention of dental caries** 

the potential of functional foods may expand the food market for health promotion.

decrease oral pH.

**7. Conclusion** 

**8. References** 

ISSN 0378-1097

It is important that intraoral pH does not decline for prevention of dental caries among children, aduts and elderlies. So, sweeten confections between meals must have a resistance for utilization by mutans streptococci. However, dental caries cannot be completely prevented by the utilization of functional foods, although the risk of dental caries is decreased. Therefore, the combination of teeth brushing after meal and functional foods is very important for prevention of dental caries among all people. Furthermore, consumers need to pay attention, when they utilize some functional foods containing nondigestible oligosaccharide which improves the intestinal microbiota, because it produces acids to

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**13** 

*Poland* 

Elżbieta Jodkowska

*Medical University of Warsaw,* 

**Sealing of Fissures on Masticatory Surfaces of** 

Tooth caries, which is regarded as a social disease in many countries, affects 100% of population. For many years both high prevalence and increasing intensity of caries have inspired researchers to find effective methods of fighting the disease. The quest for caries prevention methods has led to more and more widespread sealing of fissures of lateral teeth (premolars and molars), where sealants - thanks to mechanical protection from influence of oral cavity environment, thanks to reduction of retention sites and of bacterial flora in

Currently known methods of caries prevention can be deemed effective to the degree justifying their widespread application. Despite this fact, dentists across the world devote

In permanent dentition, tooth decay most frequently affects masticatory surfaces of molars and, as numerous studies report, very soon after their eruption 2/3 of cavities are observed just there. This is confirmed by epidemiological studies, which have been conducted in Poland since 1987 under WHO supervision (29). The studies reveal that at the end of 1970s, over 50% of permanent molars were affected by caries in children aged 6-7 years, whereas children aged 9 years had almost all first permanent molars with carious cavities or filled. In the age group 13-15 years, the percentage of teeth affected by caries reached 80%, though occlusal surfaces of teeth constitute only 12.5% of all surfaces of teeth in the oral cavity. The aforementioned epidemiological studies indicate the importance of activities towards caries

Fissures on masticatory surfaces of lateral teeth are created during development of cusps in odontogenesis, which begins in the first weeks of fetal life with formation of deciduous tooth buds, and terminates about the age of 12 years, or 15-18 years with wisdom teeth. If some disturbances occur in the process of odontogenesis, they cause anomalies within forming dentine or enamel. During early dentinogenesis, insufficient supply of whole protein, amino acids and vitamins or introduction of chemical compounds such as multifunction phosphonic acids, diuretics, cytostatics results in impairment of odontoblast function, thus inadequate base substance for developing collagen matrix is produced.

fissures - have effectively limited the development of carious disease.

**2. Morphology and microflora of intercusp fissures in teeth** 

most of their working time to elimination of caries's results.

prevention on masticatory surfaces.

**1. Introduction** 

**Teeth as a Method for Caries Prophylaxis** 

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