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We would like to thank Ms. Maja Bozicevic for giving us the opportunity to write this

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**7. Acknowledgment** 

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**23** 

*Japan* 

**Caries and Periodontal Disease in** 

Tomoko Hamasaki and Tadamichi Takehara

*Kyushu Women's University, Kyushu Dental College,* 

**Rice-Cultivating Yayoi People of Ancient Japan** 

The people of the Yayoi period were the first wet-rice agriculturalists in Japan, and the people of modern Japan are the direct descendents of the Yayoi people. They dominated the Japanese archipelago from the 5th C B.C. to 3rd C A.D. The remains of the Yayoi people have been excavated from several sites in western Japan. It has been proposed that the Yayoi originated in East Asia, based on the morphologic characteristics of the skull and teeth (Hanihara, 1993), as well as genetic evidence(Omoto & Saitou, 1997) . Agriculture practices during the Yayoi period in Japan closely resembled those in southern China and Korea. Based on these findings, the Yayoi people are believed to have been migrants from the Asian continent who introduced wet-rice agriculture to the Japanese islands (Temple, 2010).

Previous studies of ancient populations have revealed a close relationship between oral disease and subsistence patterns (Eshed *et al.*, 2006). In Japan, the incidence of carious teeth among Yayoi period agriculturalists was found to be higher than that among huntergatherers from the preceding Jomon period (Temple & Larsen, 2007). Temple and Larsen (Temple & Larsen, 2007) reported that dietary and behavioral variations among the people of the Yayoi period during the transition to an agriculture-based society precipitated an increase in the frequency of carious teeth, as well as variations in carious tooth frequency,

 Most of the carious lesions in ancient populations occurred at or near the cemento-enamel junction–alveolar crest (CEJ–AC). (Hildebolt *et al.*, 1988, Kerr *et al.*, 1988, Lunt, 1974, Moore & Corbett, 1971, Moore & Corbett, 1975, Varrela, 1991, Vodanovic *et al.*, 2005) These lesions appear to be associated with an exposed root surface caused by alveolar bone recession, although a definitive conclusion has not been reached. Exposure of the root surface is a prerequisite for carious lesions of the root, and alveolar bone loss is a major cause of such

Using multiple sets of remains from the Yayoi period, we investigated carious disease(Haraga, 2006) and alveolar bone loss(Uekubo, 2006) among the Yayoi people. Moreover, we identify the factors associated with root caries, and examine the relationship between root caries and alveolar bone loss(Otani *et al.*, 2009). Our findings may be useful for

exposure. Therefore, root caries may occur as a result of alveolar bone loss.

investigating the pathology of root caries in relation to the Yayoi diet.

**1. Introduction** 

based on geographic location and sex.

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