**Part 1**

**Application of Models, Remote Sensing and GIS in Natural Resource Management** 

**1** 

**Fuzzy Image Processing, Analysis and** 

Gordan Mihaela1, Dancea Ovidiu1, Cislariu Mihaela1,

 Stoian Ioan2 and Vlaicu Aurel1 *1Technical University of Cluj-Napoca,* 

*2S.C. IPA S.A. CIFATT Cluj,* 

*Romania* 

**Visualization Methods for Hydro-Dams and** 

The continuous surveillance, monitoring and operational planning of hydro-dams and hydro-sites is a very important issue, considering the impact of these critical structures on the environment, society, economy and ecology. On one hand, the failure of hydro-dams can dramatically affect the environment and humans; on the other hand, the operating policies must take into account the impact of the water resource exploitation on the hydro-site

The importance of periodic surveillance and monitoring through both objective measurements and subjective observations is emphasized by existing international standards, which provide the main surveillance and monitoring guidelines for hydro-dams and hydro-sites (CSED, 1983; DSC, 2010). Among other issues, these guidelines clearly state that the visual inspection of the hydro-dams and their surroundings is an important component of the surveillance process, as it aids the decision making process based on direct observations (CSED, 1983, pp. 21-28). Visual inspections complement the other type of data acquired from sensors and transducers placed within the dam body and its surroundings. It is a common practice in hydro-dam surveillance to store the visual observations by human observers in the form of visual observations records. Typically these records regard the state of the reservoir, banks and slopes, concrete structure and downstream valley, and are backed-up by digital image archives of the inspected structures

In respect to the water resource exploitation policy related to the hydro-sites, it is important to develop tools for water resource management evaluation and planning. However these should not be fully automated decision systems, but rather decision support components, to assist the human specialists in establishing the best operation policy. According to the EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), the water management plan must take into account the natural geographical and hydrological unit rather than the administrative or political boundaries (European Parliament, 2000). This assumes a thorough analysis of the

**1. Introduction** 

region and on the regions supplied by the reservoir.

(CSED, 1983; Bradlow *et al.*, 2002).

**Hydro-Sites Surveillance and Monitoring** 
