**Part 3**

**Veterinary Care in Livestock** 

230 A Bird's-Eye View of Veterinary Medicine

Thomas, W.; Caiazza, F.; Harvey, B.J. (2008). Estrogen, phospholipase A and breast cancer.

Veldhoen, N.; Watterson, J.; Brash, M. (1999). Identification of tumor-associated and germ

line p53 mutation in canine mammary cancer. *British Journal of Cancer* , Vol.81, pp.

*Frontiers in Bioscience*, Vol. 13, pp. 2604-2613.

409-415.

**13** 

 *Italy* 

Maria Laura Marongiu

 *University of Sassari,* 

*Department of Scienze Zootecniche,* 

**Local Anesthesia for Husbandry Procedures and Experimental Purposes in Farm Animals** 

Surgical husbandry practices carried out on farm animals in many management systems are: castration, docking, disbudding, dehorning, spaying, ear notching, ear tagging, brandinghot, branding-freeze, mulesing, teeth grinding, teeth clipping, tusk grinding, nose ringing, tail nicking, beak trimming. The management of farm animals is based on the ability to

The standards of husbandry and welfare during animal production are becoming important factors influencing consumer perceptions in many markets. Welfare attention on surgical husbandry practices for farm animals focuses on the fact that many of the procedures

One of the approaches available for addressing welfare concerns surrounding these

Food-animal practitioners commonly perform local-anesthetic techniques due to the dangers associated with general anaesthesia. Local anesthetic techniques usually are simple,

The problems involved in anaesthetizing farm animals for husbandry procedures are usually less complicated than those encountered when local anesthetics have to be used in these animals for experimental purposes where it is important that anesthesia should have

Blood serial sampling is required for many applied reproduction and nutrition trials with farm animals. The experimental design of these researches very often includes repeated samplings of large volumes of blood for metabolites and hormones analysis. In addition, the harvested blood can be used for analysis of biochemical, toxicological or immunological parameters, for examination or culture of micro-organisms, for production of antibodies.

The use of topically applied local anesthetics is very useful in removing sensation from the

There are several features of local anesthesia which render it particularly helpful in veterinary practice. Local anesthetics provide a reversible regional loss of sensation, reduce

procedures is performing them without pain by the use of local anesthesia.

**1. Introduction** 

involve innervated tissues.

vessel puncture.

cheap and have relatively few side effects.

little or no influence on the result of the experiment.

control them and many aspects of their environments.
