**11. Tryponosomosis**

#### **11.1 Etiology**

Member of the genus Trypanosoma are lived in the bloodstream and tissues of cattle, sheep, and goats in all of the world. These are flagellated protozoal agents that produce a variety of very serious disease of human and animals, but many of them are nonpathogenic (Carlson, 2009b). Trypanosomosis is one of the most important diseases of animals and human. Most African species are transmitted by the tsetse flies (Taylor et al., 2007).

There are 7 species of Trypanosoma species in cattle, sheep, and goat but all of them may not be pathogenic (Table 12).


Table 12. Trypanosoma species identified in cattle, sheep, and goats.

Protozoan Diseases in Farm Ruminants 497

Vector control can help to control or prevent trypanosomosis. Insecticides can be used for

Allison, R.W., and Meinkoth, J.H., 2010. Anemia Caused by Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, and

Antonio Castillo, J., Miguel Marcen, J., Ortega Mora, L. M., and Alvarez Garcia, G., 2009.

Arslan, M.O., and Sari, B., 2010. Eimeridae (Memelilerde Coccidiosis). In: Dumanli, N., and

Ballweber, L.R., 2009. Coccidiosis in food animals. In: Smith, B.P. (Eds): Large Animal

Buxton, D., Thomson, K.M., and Maley, S., 1993. Treatment of ovine toxoplasmosis with a

Carlson, G.P., 2009a. Theileriasis. In: Smith, B.P. (Eds): Large Animal Internal Medicine.

Carlson, G.P., 2009b. Trypanosomiasis. In: Smith, B.P. (Eds): Large Animal Internal

Castro-Hermida, J.A., Gonzalez-Warleta, M., and Mezo, M., 2007. Natural infection by

Cebra, C., and Cebra, M., 2002a. Diseases of the Hematologic, Immunologic, and Lymphatic

Cebra, C., and Cebra, M., 2002b. Diseases of the Cardiovascular System. In: Pugh, D.G.

Christensen, B.W., Drost, M., Troedsson, M.H.T., 2009. Female reproductive disorders. In:

Dubey, J.P., Buxton, D., and Wouda, W., 2006. Pathogenesis of bovine neosporosis. Journal

Dubey, J.P., Lindsay, D.S., and Speer, C.A., 1998. Structure of Toxoplasma gondii

El- Khodery, S.A., and Osman, S.A., 2008. Cryptosporidiosis in buffalo calves (Bubalus

Karaer, Z. (Eds): Veteriner Protozooloji. Medisan Ltd, Turkiye.

Internal Medicine. Mosby, Elsevier, St. Louis, pp: 1645-1647.

Protoza. In: Weiss, D.J., and Wardrop, K.J. (Eds): Schalm's Veterinary

Bovine besnoitiosis, presented as an emerging disease in Europe. Albeitar (127)

combination of sulphamezathine and pyrimethamine. Veterinary Record. 132 (16),

Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis in sheep and goats in Galicia

Systems (Multisystem Diseases). In: Pugh, D.G. (Eds): Sheep and Goat Medicine.

(Eds): Sheep and Goat Medicine. Saunders, An Imprint of Elsevier. Philadelphia,

Smith, B.P. (Eds): Large Animal Internal Medicine. Mosby, Elsevier, St. Louis, pp:

tachyzoites, bradyzoites and sporozoites, and biology and development of tissue

bubalis): prevalence and potential risk factors. Tropical Animals Health and


prevent bites by tsetse flies and other flies (Cebra, C., and Cebra, M., 2002b) .


**12. References** 

409-411.

Pennsylvania.

1419-1469.


Hematology.6th Ed. Wiley- Blackwell.

Zaragoza: ASIS Veterinaria, 24-25.

Mosby, Elsevier, St. Louis, p 1160.

Medicine. Mosby, Elsevier, St. Louis, p 1160.

of Comparative Pathology. 134 (4), 267-289.

Production. 40(6), 419-426.

cysts. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 11, 267–299.

(NW Spain). Small Ruminant Research. 72, 96-100.

Saunders, An Imprint of Elsevier. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
