**7.6.2 Proximal paravertebral block (Farquharson, Hall or Cambridge Technique)**

Indicated for standing laparotomy surgery such as C-section, rumenotomy, cecotomy, correction of gastrointestinal displacement, intestinal obstruction and volvulus.

The dorsal aspect of the transverse processes of the last thoracic (T-13) and first and second lumbar (L-1 and L-2) vertebrae is the site for needle placement.

The dorsal and ventral nerve roots of the last thoracic (T-13) and 1st and 2nd lumbar spinal nerves emerging from the intervertebral foramina are desensitized. 10-20 ml of 2% lidocaine is injected to each site and onset of anelgesia occurs usually within 10 minutes after injection

Increased skin temperature due to vasodilation (paralysis of cutaneous vasomotor nerves) indicates effective block. Duration of analgesia is approximately 90 minutes.
