**Meet the editor**

Dr Ganesh R. Naik received his BE degree in electronics and communication engineering from the University of Mysore, India, in 1997. He received his ME degree in communication and information engineering from Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia, in 2002 and PhD degree in the area of electronics engineering, specialising in biomedical engineering and signal processing from

RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia, in 2009. He is currently an academic and researcher at RMIT University. As an early career researcher, he has authored more than 70 papers in peer reviewed journals, conferences, and book chapters over the last five years. His research interests include pattern recognition, Blind Source Separation (BSS) techniques, audio signal processing, biosignal processing, and human–computer interface. Dr Naik was Chair of the IEEE Computer Society CIT08 Conference in Sydney and a member of the organising committee for IEEE BRC2011 and IEEE BRC 2012 conferences in Brazil. He is also a reviewer and member of the editorial board of several respected journals. He was a recipient of the Baden–Württemberg Scholarship from the University of Berufsakademie, Stuttgart, Germany (2006–2007). In 2010, Dr Naik was awarded an overseas fellowship by the International Specialised Skills Institute (ISSI), Victoria, Australia.

Contents

**Preface IX** 

Chapter 1 **Efficient Computational** 

Aleksander Paterno,

Chapter 2 **Computer Simulation and Analysis of** 

Danilo Barbosa Melges,

**Part 1 Computational Methods in Bioengineering 1** 

Chapter 3 **Frequency-Domain Objective Response Detection** 

Antonio Mauricio Ferreira Leite Miranda de Sá and Antonio Fernando Catelli Infantosi

Chapter 4 **Extraction of 3D Geometrical Features of Biological** 

Chapter 5 **Mathematical Modelling of Gene Regulatory Networks 113** 

**Analysis of the Phonocardiography Signal 133** 

Nicolae Marius Roman and Stefan Gergely

Chapter 8 **Specific Absorption Rate Analysis of Heterogeneous** 

Leonardo M. Angelone and Giorgio Bonmassar

Michal Rychlik and Witold Stankiewicz

Ana Tušek and Želimir Kurtanjek

Chapter 6 **Modern Methods Used in the Complex** 

Chapter 7 **Osteocytes Characterization Using** 

**Techniques in Bioimpedance Spectroscopy 3** 

**Three-Dimensional Tumor Geometry in Radiotherapy 29**  Seishin Takao, Shigeru Tadano, Hiroshi Taguchi and Hiroki Shirato

**Techniques Applied to Evoked Potentials: A Review 47** 

**Objects with 3D PCA Analysis and Applications of Results 85** 

**Synchrotron Radiation CT and Finite Element Analysis 165**  Zully Ritter, Andreas Staude, Steffen Prohaska and Dieter Felsenberg

**Head Models with EEG Electrodes/Leads at 7T MRI 191** 

Lucas Hermann Negri and Pedro Bertemes-Filho

## Contents

## **Preface XIII**


X Contents


Contents VII

Chapter 18 **Electroporation of** *Kluyveromyces*

Chapter 19 **Physiological Analysis**

Chapter 20 **Protocol of a Seamless** 

Chapter 22 **Quality Assessment of E-Health** 

Chapter 23 **Psychomagnetobiology 529** 

Chapter 25 **Residual Stresses and Cracking** 

Chapter 27 **Design of a PC-Based** 

Mahmud Hasan

José María De la Roca Chiapas

Yuelin Zhang, Shigeru Aomura,

Damir Kralj

*marxianus* **and -D-galactosidase Extraction 417** 

**of Yeast Cell by Intelligent Signal Processing 435** 

**Cassette in PCR-Based Site-Directed Mutagenesis 461** 

Chapter 21 **Extraction of Drug from the Biological Matrix: A Review 479** S. Lakshmana Prabu and T. N. K. Suriyaprakash

**Part 4 E-Health and Educational Aspects of Bioengineering 507** 

Airton Ramos and Andrea Lima Schneider

**Recombination with Specific Selection** 

Qiyi Tang, Benjamin Silver and Hua Zhu

**Solutions in Primary Health Care –** 

**Approach Based on User Experience 509** 

Chapter 24 **Study on the Mechanism of Traumatic Brain Injury 549**

**in Dental Restorations due to Resin Contraction Considering In-Depth Young's Modulus Variation 571**  Estevam Barbosa de Las Casas, João Batista Novaes Jr.,

Carlos Alberto Cimini Jr. and Rodrigo Guerra Peixoto

Chapter 26 **Genetic Engineering in a Computer Science Curriculum 589** Nevena Ackovska, Liljana Bozinovska and Stevo Bozinovski

Tulimar P. Machado Cornacchia, Iracema Maria Utsch Braga,

**Electrocardiogram (ECG) Recorder as - Internet Appliance 607** 

Rudra B. Bhandari, Churna B. Bhandari, Balkrishna Acharya, Pranav Pandya, Kartar Singh, Vinod K. Katiyar and Ganesh D. Sharma

Hiromichi Nakadate and Satoshi Fujiwara

Elissa Talma, Willian Henrique Vasconcelos,

Chapter 28 **Implications of Corporate Yoga: A Review 635**

Andrei Doncescu, Sebastien Regis, Katsumi Inoue and Nathalie Goma


VI Contents

Chapter 9 **Simulating Idiopathic Parkinson's** 

Chapter 10 **Vascular Stent Design Optimisation** 

Chapter 11 **Functional Significance of Force** 

Chapter 12 **The Influence of Different Elbow** 

Chapter 13 **Experimental Examination** 

Kazushige Oshita and Sumio Yano

Srdjan Djordjevič, Sašo Tomažič,

Chapter 14 **Motor Unit Potential Train Validation and**

Chapter 15 **Role of Biomechanical Parameters in Hip** 

Chapter 16 **Development and Clinical Application** 

Chapter 17 *In Vitro* **Blood Flow Behaviour in** 

Tatiana Vargas de Castro Perilo,

Hossein Parsaei and Daniel W. Stashuk

Veronika Kralj - Iglič, Drago Dolinar, Matic Ivanovski, Ivo List and Matej Daniel

**Disease by** *In Vitro* **and Computational Models 209**  Tjitske Heida, Jan Stegenga, Marcel Lourens, Hil Meijer, Stephan van Gils, Nikolai Lazarov and Enrico Marani

**Using Numerical Modelling Techniques 237**  Houman Zahedmanesh, Paul A. Cahill and Caitríona Lally

**Part 2 Biomechanical Engineering Methods and Applications 259** 

**Fluctuation During Voluntary Muscle Contraction 261** 

**Angles on the Twitch Response of the Biceps Brachii Muscle Between Intermittent Electrical Stimulations 283** 

**Freezing Method on the Osteoarthritis of the Knee 297**  Nobutaka Maezaki, Tsutomu Ezumi and Masashi Hachiya

**Osteoarthritis and Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head 347**

**Its Application in EMG Signal Decomposition 321** 

**of Instruments to Measure Orofacial Structures 365** Amanda Freitas Valentim, Renata Maria Moreira Moraes Furlan,

Andréa Rodrigues Motta, Monalise Costa Batista Berbert, Márcio Falcão Santos Barroso, Cláudio Gomes da Costa, Iracema Maria Utsch Braga and Estevam Barbosa de Las Casas

**Part 3 Biochemical Engineering Methods and Applications 391** 

Valdemar Garcia, Ricardo Dias and Rui Lima

**Microchannels with Simple and Complex Geometries 393** 

Gregor Zupančič, Rado Pišot and Raja Dahmane

**on the Effects and Adaptation Condition of the Fibula Excision Method Using the Stress** 

	- **Part 4 E-Health and Educational Aspects of Bioengineering 507**

Preface

**Background and Motivation**

**Intended Readership**

and plant life - in other words, it is "*engineering for life*".

Biological and medical phenomena are complex and intelligent. Our observations and understanding of some of these phenomena have inspired the development of creative theories and technologies in science. Biological engineering (also known as bioengineering) represents an exciting, broad-based discipline that ties together the engineering, medical and biological sciences, with slight help from physics, chemistry, mathematics and computer science. The key objective is to benefit human-kind, animal

In all different areas of biological engineering, the ultimate objectives in research and education are to improve the quality life, reduce the impact of disease on the everyday life of individuals, and provide an appropriate infrastructure to promote and enhance the interaction of biomedical engineering researchers. Biological engineering has a base that applies the principles of engineering to a wide range of systems and complexities including the molecular level such as biochemistry, molecular biology,

The most important trend in biological engineering is the dynamic range of scales at which biotechnology is now able to integrate with biological processes. An explosion in micro/nanoscale technology is allowing the manufacture of nanoparticles for drug delivery into cells, miniaturized implantable microsensors for medical diagnostics, and micro-engineered robots for on-board tissue repairs. This book aims to provide an upto-date overview of the recent developments in biological engineering from diverse

This book covers some of the most important current research related to biological engineering. It is partly a textbook and partly a monograph. It is a textbook because it gives a detailed introduction to biological engineering techniques and applications. It is simultaneously a monograph because it presents and brings together several new results, concepts and further developments. Furthermore, the research results previously scattered throughout many scientific journals and conference papers worldwide, are methodically collected and presented in the book in a unified form.

pharmacology, microbiology, cytology, protein chemistry and neurobiology.

aspects and various applications in clinical and experimental research.

## Preface

## **Background and Motivation**

Biological and medical phenomena are complex and intelligent. Our observations and understanding of some of these phenomena have inspired the development of creative theories and technologies in science. Biological engineering (also known as bioengineering) represents an exciting, broad-based discipline that ties together the engineering, medical and biological sciences, with slight help from physics, chemistry, mathematics and computer science. The key objective is to benefit human-kind, animal and plant life - in other words, it is "*engineering for life*".

In all different areas of biological engineering, the ultimate objectives in research and education are to improve the quality life, reduce the impact of disease on the everyday life of individuals, and provide an appropriate infrastructure to promote and enhance the interaction of biomedical engineering researchers. Biological engineering has a base that applies the principles of engineering to a wide range of systems and complexities including the molecular level such as biochemistry, molecular biology, pharmacology, microbiology, cytology, protein chemistry and neurobiology.

The most important trend in biological engineering is the dynamic range of scales at which biotechnology is now able to integrate with biological processes. An explosion in micro/nanoscale technology is allowing the manufacture of nanoparticles for drug delivery into cells, miniaturized implantable microsensors for medical diagnostics, and micro-engineered robots for on-board tissue repairs. This book aims to provide an upto-date overview of the recent developments in biological engineering from diverse aspects and various applications in clinical and experimental research.

### **Intended Readership**

This book covers some of the most important current research related to biological engineering. It is partly a textbook and partly a monograph. It is a textbook because it gives a detailed introduction to biological engineering techniques and applications. It is simultaneously a monograph because it presents and brings together several new results, concepts and further developments. Furthermore, the research results previously scattered throughout many scientific journals and conference papers worldwide, are methodically collected and presented in the book in a unified form.

#### X Preface

As a result of its twofold character the book is likely to be of interest to graduate and postgraduate students, engineers and scientists in the field of biomedical and biological engineering. This book can also be used as handbook for students and professionals seeking to gain a better understanding of where bioengineering stands today. One can read this book through sequentially but it is not necessary since each chapter is essentially self-contained, with as few cross-references as possible. So, browsing is encouraged.

As an editor and also an author in this field, I am honoured to be editing a book with such fascinating and exciting content, written by a select group of gifted researchers. I would like to thank the authors, who have committed so much effort to the publication of this work.

> **Dr Ganesh R. Naik**  RMIT University, Melbourne Australia

X Preface

browsing is encouraged.

publication of this work.

As a result of its twofold character the book is likely to be of interest to graduate and postgraduate students, engineers and scientists in the field of biomedical and biological engineering. This book can also be used as handbook for students and professionals seeking to gain a better understanding of where bioengineering stands today. One can read this book through sequentially but it is not necessary since each chapter is essentially self-contained, with as few cross-references as possible. So,

As an editor and also an author in this field, I am honoured to be editing a book with such fascinating and exciting content, written by a select group of gifted researchers. I would like to thank the authors, who have committed so much effort to the

**Dr Ganesh R. Naik** 

Australia

RMIT University, Melbourne

**Part 1** 

**Computational Methods in Bioengineering** 
