**Part 3**

**Bacterial Bioluminescence** 

164 Bioluminescence – Recent Advances in Oceanic Measurements and Laboratory Applications

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**8** 

*Japan* 

Satoshi Sasaki

*Tokyo University of Technology* 

**Oscillation in Bacterial Bioluminescence** 

Live cells show various dynamic characteristics, such as cell division or material production. When we consider that a cell is a chemical reactor that contains an enzyme in its structure, the rates of chemical reaction catalysed by them depend on the cell density. As the amount of enzyme within the cell differs according to the rate of expression of a specific gene, the rate of the reaction also depends on the condition of the cell. In short, chemical reactions caused by cells are nonlinearly related to the cell density; the reaction rate is not proportional to the cell density. This is one remarkable aspect of live cells. In the field of chemical analysis, bacterial cell behaviour is often used. For example, changes in respiration caused by chemical compounds that inhibit the respiratory chain (such as KCN) can be quantified, theoretically, by measuring the changes in the dissolved oxygen concentration. Biomaterial-based devices have been reported, such as biochips or biosensors. These are not truly "bio" because they use an enzyme or antibody outside of the cell. Microbial sensors (Melidis, P.; Georgiou, D.(2002).; Kang. KH.; Jang. JK.; Pham. TH.; Moon. H.; Chang. IS. & Kim, BH. (2003).; Moon, H.; Chang, IS.; Kang, KH.; Jang, JK. & Kim, BH. (2004). ; Chang, IS.; Moon, H.; Jang, JK. & Kim, BH. (2005).; Kogure, H.; Kawasaki, S.; Nakajima, K.; Sakai, N.; Futase, K.; Inatsu, Y.; Bari, ML.; Isshiki, K. & Kawamoto, S. (2005).; Vaiopoulou, E.; Melidis, P.; Kampragou, E. & Aivasidis, A. (2004).; Yano, Y.; Numata, M.; Hachiya, H.; Ito, S.; Masadome, T.; Ohkubo, S.; Asano, Y. & Imato, T. (2001).; Kim, M.; Hyun, MS.; Gadd, GM.; Kim, GT.; Lee, SJ. & Kim, HJ. (2009). Davila, D.; Esquivel, JP.; Sabate, N. & Mas, J. (2011).), known as the analysis of devices that use live microbial cells as molecular-recognition material, are the only exception. This sensor, however, is based on a shift from one equilibrium to another. For example, a respiration inhibition-based microbial sensor measures a certain toxic compound because the dissolved oxygen concentration near the cells increases when the toxic compound exists. The main reason for the use of microorganisms is that they are more cost-effective than purified enzymes or antibodies. The dynamics of the bacterial cells are not at all used. The nonlinearity of cell behaviour has recently been studied (Wu, BM.; Subbarao, KV. & Qin, QM. (2008).; Kenkre, V. M.; &, Kumar, N. (2008).; Dobrescu, R. & Purcarea, VI. (2011)). A suitable bacterium model is, therefore, needed to start a fundamental study on the nonlinearity of the cell. In our group studies, bioluminescence characteristics have been identified (Sasaki S., Mori Y., Ogawa M., Funatsuka S.,(2010)). Bioluminescent bacteria are those that emit light autonomously without the need of excitation light. The bioluminescence reaction is catalysed by bacterial

**1. Introduction** 
