**The Solar Wind – Overview of the Fundamentals**

**1** 

V.G. Eselevich

*Russia*

**Solar Wind Laws Valid for** 

**any Phase of a Solar Cycle** 

*Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk* 

It is an empirically established, formulated strictly in words or mathematically, stable relation between repetitive phenomena and states of bodies and other material objects in the world around. Revealing physical regularities is a primary objective of physics. A physical law is considered valid if it has been proved by repeated experiments. A physical law is to be valid for a large number of objects; ideally, for all objects in the Universe. Obviously, the last requirement is especially difficult to test. We will, therefore, somewhat confine

a. We will lay down only SW physical laws, calling them simply "laws". Here, we will take into account that they meet the main above-stated requirements for physical laws. b. Any law is fulfilled under ideal conditions, i.e., when its effect is not violated by outside influence. For instance, the Newton first law of motion may be tested only when the friction force is absent or tends to zero. Since SW conditions are often far from ideal, it is sometimes difficult to determine, lay down, and prove the existence of an SW physical

c. We will distinguish between the laws and their mechanisms of effect. For example, the law of universal gravitation is well known, but its mechanism is still unclear. d. Obviously, the relevance of these laws is different. But all of them are of limited application. To illustrate, laws of simple mechanics are violated for relativistic velocities or superlarge masses of substance. The Ohm's law is valid only if there is current in the

e. It is good to keep in mind that a part of the SW laws defined below may later merge into one law. Time will show. As for now, considering the SW laws separately is reasonable, because in this way we can examine their mechanisms that are likely to be different. Laying down SW laws actually implies that the "solar wind" subdiscipline of space science turns from multidirectional investigations and data collection into an independent branch of physics. This, based on established laws, provides a way to examine the SW behaviour in more complex situations, when it is under the effect of several factors at once, without

conductor. The SW laws are valid only for a hot ionised medium, etc.

resorting to statistical methods that are not capable of restoring the truth.

**1. Introduction** 

law.

First, let us remind what a physical law is.

ourselves to the following comments:

*Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of* 
