**6. References**

88 Particle Physics

In conclusion, we presented a new realization of e-Science paradigm of experiment, theory and computing in particle physics. Applying this concept to particle physics, we can achieve

I would like to express my thanks to the members of high energy physics team (Junghyun

more efficient results to test the standard model and search for new physics.

Kim, Soo-hyeon Nam, Youngjin Kim and Taegil Bae) at KISTI for the work.

**4. Acknowledgment** 

**5. A glossary of acronyms** 

CAF: CDF Analysis Farm

CO: Consumer Operator CP: Charge-Parity DAQ: Date Acquisition

DH: Data Handling

DOE: Department of Energy GUI: Graphic User Interface EGEE: Enabling Grid in e-Science EVO: Enabling Virtual Organization

FTP: File Transfer Protocol GPU: Graphic Processing Unit HEP: High-Energy Physics

LFC: Logical File Catalog LFN: Logical File Name LHC: Large Hadron Collider MSS: Mass Storage System OSG: Open Science Grid PFN: Physical File Name

QCD: Quantum Chromo Dynamics

SciCo: Science Coordinator SIP: Session Initiation Protocol

SAM: Sequential Access through Metadata

CDF: Collider Detector at Fermilab CKM: Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa

DCAF: Decentralized CDF Analysis Farm

FBSNG: Farm Batch System Next Generation

LCG: Large Hadron Collider Computing Grid

DESY: Deutches Elecktronen SYnchrotron laboratory

KEK: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization in Japan KISTI: Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information

ALICE: A Large Ion Collider Experiment API: Application Programming Interface ASGC: Academia Sinica Grid Centre ATLAS: A Toroidal LHC Apparatus


Lepton accelerators incorporate electron, muon, and tau beams. First generation lepton machines, electron accelerators, are basic research tools and their radiation characteristics are well established. A second generation muon machine presents additional research possibilities as well as new health physics challenges. Third generation tau accelerators are currently theoretical abstractions and little development has been forthcoming. Although this chapter focuses on muon colliders and their unique radiation characteristics, initial

Neutrinos are electrically neutral particles, interact solely through the weak interaction, and have very small interaction cross sections (Particle Data Group 2010). They are present in the natural radiation environment due to cosmic rays, solar and terrestrial sources, and are produced during fission reactor and accelerator operations. From a health physics perspective these neutrino sources produce effective doses that are inconsequential. Although this will remain true for a number of years, planned muon accelerators or colliders will produce copious quantities of TeV energy neutrinos. In the TeV energy region, the health physics consequences of neutrinos can no longer be ignored. Upon operation of these accelerators, neutrino detection and the determination of neutrino effective doses will

In a muon collider, neutrinos are produced when muons decay. The neutrino effective dose arises from neutrino interactions that produce showers or cascades of particles (e.g., neutrons, protons, pions, and muons). It is the particle showers that produce the dominant

Concerns for consequential neutrino effective doses have been previously postulated. Collar (1996) presented a hypothesis that the final stages of stellar collapse could produce neutrino effective doses that are sufficiently large to lead to the extinction of some species on earth. This concern has been challenged (Cossairt et al., 1997; Cossairt & Marshall, 1997), but the potential concern for large neutrino effective doses, on the order of hundreds of mSv/y or greater, remains, particularly for the planned muon colliders that will become operational in the next few decades of the 21st Century (Autin et al., 1999; Bevelacqua, 2004; Geer, 2010;

As background for muon colliders, an overview of the radiation environment at an electron accelerator is presented. This overview provides a foundation for a discussion of the characteristics of muon decays and the resultant neutrino effective doses. The characteristics

no longer be academic exercises, but will become practical health physics issues.

contribution to the neutrino effective dose (Bevelacqua, 2004).

King, 1999a; Kuno, 2009; and Zisman, 2011).

**1. Introduction** 

scoping calculatons for tau colliders are presented.

Joseph John Bevelacqua

*Bevelacqua Resources* 

*USA* 

Matsunaga, H. (2009). Grid Computing for High Energy Physics in Japan. *Journal of Korean Physical Society*, Vol. 55, No. 52, pp.2040-2044, 1976-8524. **5** 

Joseph John Bevelacqua *Bevelacqua Resources USA* 
