**11. Conclusions**

Neutrino radiation will be a health physics issue and design constraint for muon colliders, particularly at TeV energies. TeV energy muon colliders will require careful site selection and the neutrino effective dose may dictate that these machines be constructed in isolated areas. With the operation of TeV energy muon colliders, the neutrino effective dose can no longer be neglected. Neutrino detection, neutrino dosimetry, and the determination of the neutrino effective dose will no longer be academic exercises, but will become operational health physics concerns. Keeping public and occupational neutrino effective doses below regulatory limits will require careful and consistent application of dose reduction methods.

When compared to muon colliders, initial scooping calculations for tau colliders suggest that higher effective doses and affected areas will result from their operation. Although, the tau collider calculations are initial estimates, they suggest that significant radiation challenges are also presented by these machines.
