**Meet the editor**

Dr Nayak graduated in Civil Engineering from College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar in 1993. He received master degree in Water Resources Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur in 1995. He is working as Scientist at National Institute of Hydrology, Kakinada since 1998. Subsequently, he completed his Doctorate degree from Indian Institute of Technology Ma-

dras, Chennai in 2008. He is working in the area of surface water modeling using soft computing techniques. His major research contributions include development of models and software tools for hydrologic modeling using fuzzy and neurofuzzy computing techniques. Currently he is doing research on the impact of climate change on water resources. He is acting as Editorial Board member for Journal of Hydrology, Elsevier Sciences.

## Contents

#### **Preface XI**

**Part 1 Surface Water Modeling 1** 


X Contents


Chapter 9 **Contribution of GRACE Satellite Gravimetry in Global and Regional Hydrology, and in Ice Sheets Mass Balance 191**  Frappart Frédéric and Ramillien Guillaume

#### **Part 2 Groundwater Modeling 215**


## Preface

Water Resources Management intends to optimize the available water resources, which consists of the optimal utilization of surface water and groundwater, to satisfy the requirements of domestic, agricultural and industrial needs. In some parts of the world, there is abundance of water, while in other parts of the world the resources are scanty particularly in developing and under-developed countries. Floods and droughts continue to threaten and affect the livelihoods of most of the population in these countries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for optimal utilization of water resources. With ever increasing population, particularly in developing and underdeveloped countries, there is an urgent need to cater the needs of the population, where water is the basic requirement. Groundwater and surface water play a pivotal role in agriculture, and an increasing portion of extracted groundwater is used for irrigating agriculture fields. It is estimated that at least 40% of the world's food grains are produced using groundwater, by irrigated farming, both in countries with low GDP as well as in high GDP countries. In arid and semi-arid areas, the dependency on groundwater for water supply is much higher in comparison to other areas.

This book is designed to address some of the real issues concerning water resource management, with some illustrative and good case studies relevant to the topic and up-to-date. We hope that the chapters in the book will be of great use to postgraduate and research scholars, providing them with current research trends and applications of water resources for better management. This book consists of two sections: surface water and groundwater. Surface water section covers watershed planning, impact of climate change on Volta Basin, rainfall-runoff and sediment modeling using SWAT model, flood forecasting using fuzzy logic approach, effect of land use changes on hydrology, hydrodynamics and unsteady flow modeling, water quality modeling, information on GRACE satellite and on wetland hydrology. Analytical solutions to groundwater discharge are discussed in groundwater section followed by groundwater flow modeling using MODFLOW, percolation approach, quality and quantity modeling using ANN and Kriging approach. Different modeling approaches are described followed by examples of case studies. The materials presented in this book should help a wide range of readers to apply different simulation techniques to resolve real life problems and issues concerned with water resource management.

#### X Preface

I am highly grateful to Intech, Open Access Publisher, for giving me the opportunity to contribute as the Book Editor to this valuable book. In Particular, I would like to thank Ms. Marina Jozipovic, the Publishing Process Manager, for her constant support and cooperation during the preparation of this book. I also acknowledge the support of my colleague Mr. D. Mohana Rangan for his assistance in reviewing the chapters and helping in improving the quality of the contents.

> **Purna Nayak**  National Institute of Hydrology, Kakinada, AP, India

X Preface

I am highly grateful to Intech, Open Access Publisher, for giving me the opportunity to contribute as the Book Editor to this valuable book. In Particular, I would like to thank Ms. Marina Jozipovic, the Publishing Process Manager, for her constant support and cooperation during the preparation of this book. I also acknowledge the support of my colleague Mr. D. Mohana Rangan for his assistance in reviewing the chapters

**Purna Nayak** 

Kakinada, AP,

India

National Institute of Hydrology,

and helping in improving the quality of the contents.

**Part 1** 

**Surface Water Modeling** 
