**6. Conclusion**

Septic encephalopathy is associated with many kinds of inflammatory cytokines, receptors, chemicals such as interleukin family, toll-like receptor, tumor necrosis factor, high mobility group box. Since these inflammatory molecules induce systemic inflammatory response in the whole body and affect the brain function after blood brain barrier disruption, they occurs neurological symptoms such as vasogenic edema, aberrant synaptic transmission and plasticity. In addition, the weakness of vagus nerve after septic encephalopathy is related to the pathophysiology. Although the molecular mechanisms for sepsis are explained, medical

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intervention for patients of septic encephalopathy in intensive care unit is largely limited to symptomatic treatment. The reason is that spatial and temporal dynamics of the functional molecular patterns in various organs for the cause of septic symptoms are still not fully described. For the future medical treatment of septic encephalopathy, we address the two possibilities. First, to find the spatial and temporal dynamics of molecules, q-dots labeled with molecules for septic encephalopathy are recorded with both of near infra-red spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Second, to alleviate the symptoms, it may be effective to stimulate the vagus nerve with non-invasive method, since vagus nerve stimulation can reduce the excess inflammatory cytokine release by mechanisms of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation, which inhibits apoptotic and necrotic pathway of cells and tissues after sepsis. These novel approaches will progress the intervention for the sepsis and its encephalopathy in the future studies.
