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**11** 

*Egypt* 

**Ultrastructure Alterations in the** 

**Induced By Gamma Irradiation** 

*Atomic Energy Authority, Abo-Zaabal, Cairo,* 

**Red Palm Weevil Antennal Sensilla** 

*Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center,* 

Eman A. Mahmoud, Hussein F. Mohamed\* and Samira E.M. El-Naggar

Palm beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are harmful pests for cultivated palm – oil, date or coconut palms (Bedford, 1980, Giblin-Davis *et al,* 1996). The red palm weevil (RPW) *Rhynchophorous ferrugineus* (Oliv.) is the most important pest of the date palm in the Middle-East (Abraham & Pillai*,* 1998). The insect was discovered in Saudi Arabia in the mid-1980s (Gush, 1997 & Faleiro *et al*., 1999). Since then it has spread over most of the date palm areas (Bokhari & Abuzuhira 1992 & Vidyasagar *et al.*, 2000), due to the transfer of infested

It was introduced accidentally into the Gulf states from Pakistan in 1985, from whence it spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula. It was first reported in Egypt in 1992. It infested the governorates Ismailia and Sharkia, an area with an estimated one million palm trees (Salama & Abdel Aziz, 2001). lthough they have been known as major pests for a long time, efficient and acceptable methods of controlling them are still lacking in many cases. In addition, the selection of plants for oviposition is determined by the physical nature of their surface and by chemical factors which are detected after contact (Fenomore, 1980, Chadha & Roome, 1980). As such, the identification of olfactory and contact chemoreceptors in insects has received the attention of many workers (Albert,

Antennae in insect are organs of taste, smell and stimulation (Wiggles worth, 1972). Other authors (Stubbs, 1980, Nakamuta, 1985 & Obata, 1986) have suggested a possible role of sensory stimuli (olfactory, gustatory or mechanical) in prey, or mate detection. The antennae also play kinetic roles and normally keep the nervous system in a state of tone in which it responds to stimuli of all kinds. Antennae of insects vary greatly in length, overall size, size of the individual segments, segmentation, setation and other aspects with the structures being closely related to their function ( Srivastava & Omkar , 2003). Notably, some authors studied the ultrastructurally effects of gamma rays on the features of normal antennal sensilla of *R. Ferrugineus* as Oland *et al*., (1988); El-kholy & Mikhaiel (2008) and El- Akhdar &

**1. Introduction** 

offshoots and palm trees.

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