**9.2 Method**

The Aniline hydrochloride AniHCl monomer as 2.5, g (28.6 W/V) has been dissolved in distill deionized water of 100 ml under nitrogen atmosphere and bubbling in the solution with continuous stirring using magnetic stirrer for 3 hour. Then the solution has been irradiated with -radiation receiving 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kGy. The polymerized AniHCl i.e. polyaniline PANI-HCl has been precipitated filtered and collected in a form of powder. The powder (2.5g) pressed by 10 tons to form pallets.

Synthesis of Polyaniline HCl Pallets and Films Nanocomposites by Radiation Polymerization 123

The thickness of the films was determined by a digital micrometer model Mitutoyo no: 293- 521-30-Japan, The average thickness of the films was 2 mm, and then the products (Films of

PANI-HCl and pallets) have been characterized using the following instrument:

Fig. 5. The LCR-meter model HP 4284A with the sample set up for conductivity

Fig. 6. γ-irradiation system model (J. L. Sherperd) at the Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi -

Figure 7 shows the prepared PVA solution (a), AniHCl\PVA solution (b). And AniHCl\PVA solution irradiated with 50 kGy -radiation doses (c). It shows that the PVA is a soluble in water appears as clear glycerin like material and after the dissolving of AniHCl

measurement. Faculty of Science, department of Physics - UPM

Malaysia UPM

**10. Results and discussion** 

On the other hand a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was supplied by SIGMA (Mw = 72,000 g/mol, 99 – 100% hydrolyzed) has been prepared by dissolving 30.00 g PVA powder in 600 ml distilled deionized water at controlled temperature of 80 oC in the water-bath. The solution was magnetically stirred throughout at that temperature for 3 hours and then left to cool at room temperature. After cooling to room temperature, a weight of AniHCl, 2.5, g was added into 100 ml PVA solution, which gives the AniHCl concentrations as 28.6, wt%, by weight in comparison to the PVA. The mixtures were stirred continuously for 10 hours using a magnetic stirrer in nitrogen atmosphere. Then the PVA/AniHCl blend solution has been irradiated by -radiation receiving 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kGys and after irradiation the solution has been divided into Petri-dishes, each contains 20 ml and left to dry at ambient temperature and dark room for 3 days to evaporate the water. The casting film was pealed off and cut into several pieces which were eventually packed in a sealed black plastic bag.

Fig. 3. The UV-visible spectrophotometer model Camspec M530. Faculty of Science, Department of Physics-UPM

Fig. 4. Raman system and its accessories for sample set up and characterization, Faculty of Science, department of Physics - UPM

On the other hand a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was supplied by SIGMA (Mw = 72,000 g/mol, 99 – 100% hydrolyzed) has been prepared by dissolving 30.00 g PVA powder in 600 ml distilled deionized water at controlled temperature of 80 oC in the water-bath. The solution was magnetically stirred throughout at that temperature for 3 hours and then left to cool at room temperature. After cooling to room temperature, a weight of AniHCl, 2.5, g was added into 100 ml PVA solution, which gives the AniHCl concentrations as 28.6, wt%, by weight in comparison to the PVA. The mixtures were stirred continuously for 10 hours using a magnetic stirrer in nitrogen atmosphere. Then the PVA/AniHCl blend solution has been irradiated by -radiation receiving 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kGys and after irradiation the solution has been divided into Petri-dishes, each contains 20 ml and left to dry at ambient temperature and dark room for 3 days to evaporate the water. The casting film was pealed off and cut into several pieces which were eventually packed in a sealed black plastic bag.

Fig. 3. The UV-visible spectrophotometer model Camspec M530.

Fig. 4. Raman system and its accessories for sample set up and characterization,

Faculty of Science, Department of Physics-UPM

Faculty of Science, department of Physics - UPM

The thickness of the films was determined by a digital micrometer model Mitutoyo no: 293- 521-30-Japan, The average thickness of the films was 2 mm, and then the products (Films of PANI-HCl and pallets) have been characterized using the following instrument:

Fig. 5. The LCR-meter model HP 4284A with the sample set up for conductivity measurement. Faculty of Science, department of Physics - UPM

Fig. 6. γ-irradiation system model (J. L. Sherperd) at the Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi - Malaysia UPM
