**Meet the editor**

Bin Wu, Ph.D., HCLD is currently a scientific laboratory director at Arizona Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, USA. He received his training in genetics and reproductive biology at the Northwest Agricultural University in China and Cornell University, New York and post-doctor training at University of Guelph, Canada. He was promoted as a professor at the North-

west Agricultural University. As an embryologist, he later joined in the Center for Human Reproduction in Chicago. Dr. Wu has membership for many professional associations, such as American Society for Reproductive Medicine; International Embryo Transfer Society; Society for the Study of Reproduction; American Association of Bioanalysts and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. Also, he has obtained some significant research awards from these professional associations.

Contents

**Preface VII** 

Bin Wu

**Part 1 Introductory Chapter 1**

Jerome H. Check

Chapter 5 **Sperm Cell in ART 65** 

Chapter 1 **Advances in Embryo Transfer 3** 

**Part 2 Optimal Stimulation for Ovaries 19** 

Chapter 4 **Prevention and Treatment of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome 53** 

Chapter 2 **Minimal and Natural Stimulations for IVF 21** 

Chapter 3 **Does the Number of Retrieved Oocytes Influence Pregnancy Rate After Day 3 and Day 5 Embryo Transfer? 39**  Veljko Vlaisavljević, Jure Knez and Borut Kovačič

Ivan Grbavac, Dejan Ljiljak and Krunoslav Kuna

**Part 3 Advances in Insemination Technology 63** 

Dejan Ljiljak, Tamara Tramišak Milaković, Neda Smiljan Severinski, Krunoslav Kuna

Chapter 6 **Meiotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Spermatic** 

Simón Marina, Susana Egozcue, David Marina,

Lodovico Parmegiani, Graciela Estela Cognigni

**FISH in Infertile Patients with Normal Karyotype 73** 

and Anđelka Radojčić Badovinac

Ruth Alcolea and Fernando Marina

Chapter 7 **New Advances in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) 99** 

and Marco Filicori

## Contents

#### **Preface** XI

**Part 1 Introductory Chapter 1**

	- **Part 2 Optimal Stimulation for Ovaries 19**
	- **Part 3 Advances in Insemination Technology 63**
	- **Part 4 Embryo Transfer Technology 133**
	- **Part 5 Embryo Implantation and Cryopreservation 191**

## Preface

Embryo transfer technology has become one of the prominent high businesses worldwide in human and animal reproduction. As human in vitro fertilization (IVF) technique rapidly develops in infertility treatment, not only animal IVF has offered a very valuable tool to study mammalian fertilization and early embryo development as treatment, but also its commercial applications have being increased quickly. So far, this technology has gone through three major changes, that is, (1) traditional embryo transfer (in vivo embryo production by donor superovulation) in animals, especially in cow, (2) in vitro embryo production by ovum pick up with in vitro fertilization (OPU‐ IVF) in human and animals and (3) notably current cloning technique by somatic cell nuclear transfer and transgenic animal production. Embryo transfer technology has widely been used in animal industry to improve animal breeds. In human, many IVF clinic centers have been set up for infertility couple treatment over the whole world.

As embryo transfer techniques have accumulated over long period, many kinds of books about embryo transfer on human and various animals have been published. Most of books have described embryo transfer procedures and manipulation protocols. The purpose of this book does not concentrate on the detail description of basic embryo transfer techniques and procedures, while we will update and review some new developed theories and technologies and focus on discussing some encountered problems during embryo transfer and give some examples how to improve pregnancy rate by innovated techniques so that readers, especially embryologists and physicians for human IVF programs, may acquire some new and usable information as well as some key practice techniques.

This book contains four parts with 16 chapters. Firstly, an optimal stimulation scheme for ovaries, particularly natural and minimal stimulation of ovaries, has been discussed in the first part. Then, one paper analyzed that how many oocytes per retrieval will be the best for human IVF practice. If one stimulation scheme produces too many eggs, it often results in hyperstimulation syndrome. Thus, a chapter reviewed hyperstimulation syndrome diagnosis, prevention and treatment. In the second part, some advanced technologies in insemination have been listed. After introduction of normal sperm physiology, sperm meiotic chromosome abnormalities and DNA fragmentation infertile patients are analyzed. Then, newly developed intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) techniques, such as intracytoplasmic

#### XII Preface

morphologically‐selected sperm injection (IMSI) and selection of hyaluronan bound sperm for use in ICSI (PICSI), have been reviewed. Finally, we introduced some new techniques and methods which can make azoospermic men realize their dream to have children. In the third part, it will mainly discuss how to increase pregnancy rate by improving embryo transfer procedures including optimal embryo transfer skills, blastocyst selection and single embryo transfer, and the relationship of intercourse and pregnancy success rate. In the last part, endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation are discussed, interestingly, more than 20 biomarkers have been found in uterus to determine embryo implantation window and pregnancy failure. Thus, this book will greatly add some new information for embryologists and IVF physicians to improve human IVF pregnancy rate.

Great thanks go to all authors who gladly contributed their time and expertise to prepare these outstanding chapters included in this book.

> **Bin Wu, Ph.D., HCLD (ABB)** Arizona Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Tucson, Arizona USA
