**Section I: Modifications of Thermoplastic Starch**

The first section has seven Chapters on physical and/or chemical modifications of thermoplastic starch. Chapter 1 studies the relationship between morphology and biodegradation of thermoplastic starch blends.

Chapter 2 presents some excerpts related to thermoplastic cassava flour as a raw material useful for packaging applications. Cassava flour is viable material for use as part of a processable thermoplastic matrix by molding technique, which allows obtaining of materials with acceptable mechanical and thermal properties for agroindustrial applications.

The main starch modification obtained with the use of the thermoplastic extrusion process is addressed in Chapter 3. The thermoplastic extrusion process is capable of causing changes in starch, making it present a large variety of applications, both in the food industry and in other industries.

The modification of starch using various plasticizers, cross linking agent, as well as its biodegradation nature is discussed in Chapter 4.

Chapter 5 provides information on physical properties of starch foams such as cell structure, foam unit density and bulk density, compressive stress, resiliency and friability.

#### XII Preface

Chapter 6 provides a framework for transition from native starch, its primary molecular structure, secondary structure and tertiary granules to thermoplastic starch, with its properties that parallel and contrast with synthesis thermoplastics.

Preface XI

**Adel Zaki El-Sonbati** 

Mansoura University,

Egypt

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Demiatta),

Chapter 17 describes the characterization of thermoplastic elastomers by means of

Chapter 18 gives an overview of the research on ionic thermoplastic elastomers based on maleated ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM-g-MA), to obtain some new generations of ionic thermoplastic elastomers with high technical and processing characteristics, intended to be processed on the injection moulding machines, resulting in high quality products complying with the international market requirements.

Lastly, chapter 19 is about thermoplastic dielectric elastomers as a new generation polymer actuator with a high auction performance. Electroactive thermoplastic dielectric high actuation performance is owed to their ultra high electrostriction coefficients. Such big electrostriction coefficient was attributed to their ultra high

The editor of this book would like to express his gratitude to **Prof. M.A. Diab** and **Prof. A.A. El-Bindary,** Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Demiatta), Mansoura University, Demiatta, Egypt, for their useful advice in the process of

temperature scanning stress relaxation measurements.

density of the dielectric mismatched interfaces.

preparing the book.

Chapter 7 summarizes the current knowledge of thermoplastic starch to its plasticization, retrogradation and antiplasticization. Starch retrogradation mechanisms are discussed at a molecular level. Methods to measure the retrogradation degree, such as differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis, X-ray, etc. are also reviewed. Changes in thermoplastic starch (TPS) property, such as tensile strength, elongation, gas permeability are due to the retrogradation of starch polymers and these are described.

### **Section II: Modifications of Thermoplastic Elastomers**

The second section has twelve Chapters on physical and/or chemical modifications of thermoplastic elastomers. Chapter 8 compiles the updated knowledge on thermoplastic elastomers in general, practically their structures, syntheses, processing methods, mechanical properties and applications.

The subject of Chapter 9 observes a continuously growing interest in applications of reactive silanes and polysiloxanes in many different fields of material science and the chemical technology.

Chapter 10 shows the advantage of low interfacial adhesion thermoplastic matrix, such as polypropylene (PP), and how it can result in improvements to an aramid fabric for ballistics.

The challenges that involve the micro-injection of enhanced thermoplastics are discussed in Chapter 11. Special attention is given to the microinjection technology, tooling and injection materials.

The influence of some crucial production parameters, namely die air pressure, extruder pressure, collector drum speed, and collector vacuum on the thickness, basis weight, air permeability, fiber diameter and tensile properties of polypropylene meltblown nonwoven webs are investigated in Chapter 12.

Thermoplastic extrusion is considered a high-temperature, short-time (MTST) process in the food industry. The use of thermoplastic extrusion in food processing is studied in Chapter 13.

Lightweight plastic materials increasingly used in automotive, aerospace and construction sectors are studied in Chapter 14.

Thermoplastics demonstrating a track record of success in medical device applications are discussed in Chapter 15.

Application of thermoplastics in protection of nature fibers are described in Chapter 16.

Chapter 17 describes the characterization of thermoplastic elastomers by means of temperature scanning stress relaxation measurements.

X Preface

and these are described.

chemical technology.

tooling and injection materials.

are discussed in Chapter 15.

for ballistics.

in Chapter 13.

Chapter 6 provides a framework for transition from native starch, its primary molecular structure, secondary structure and tertiary granules to thermoplastic starch,

Chapter 7 summarizes the current knowledge of thermoplastic starch to its plasticization, retrogradation and antiplasticization. Starch retrogradation mechanisms are discussed at a molecular level. Methods to measure the retrogradation degree, such as differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis, X-ray, etc. are also reviewed. Changes in thermoplastic starch (TPS) property, such as tensile strength, elongation, gas permeability are due to the retrogradation of starch polymers

The second section has twelve Chapters on physical and/or chemical modifications of thermoplastic elastomers. Chapter 8 compiles the updated knowledge on thermoplastic elastomers in general, practically their structures, syntheses, processing

The subject of Chapter 9 observes a continuously growing interest in applications of reactive silanes and polysiloxanes in many different fields of material science and the

Chapter 10 shows the advantage of low interfacial adhesion thermoplastic matrix, such as polypropylene (PP), and how it can result in improvements to an aramid fabric

The challenges that involve the micro-injection of enhanced thermoplastics are discussed in Chapter 11. Special attention is given to the microinjection technology,

The influence of some crucial production parameters, namely die air pressure, extruder pressure, collector drum speed, and collector vacuum on the thickness, basis weight, air permeability, fiber diameter and tensile properties of polypropylene

Thermoplastic extrusion is considered a high-temperature, short-time (MTST) process in the food industry. The use of thermoplastic extrusion in food processing is studied

Lightweight plastic materials increasingly used in automotive, aerospace and

Thermoplastics demonstrating a track record of success in medical device applications

Application of thermoplastics in protection of nature fibers are described in Chapter 16.

with its properties that parallel and contrast with synthesis thermoplastics.

**Section II: Modifications of Thermoplastic Elastomers**

meltblown nonwoven webs are investigated in Chapter 12.

construction sectors are studied in Chapter 14.

methods, mechanical properties and applications.

Chapter 18 gives an overview of the research on ionic thermoplastic elastomers based on maleated ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM-g-MA), to obtain some new generations of ionic thermoplastic elastomers with high technical and processing characteristics, intended to be processed on the injection moulding machines, resulting in high quality products complying with the international market requirements.

Lastly, chapter 19 is about thermoplastic dielectric elastomers as a new generation polymer actuator with a high auction performance. Electroactive thermoplastic dielectric high actuation performance is owed to their ultra high electrostriction coefficients. Such big electrostriction coefficient was attributed to their ultra high density of the dielectric mismatched interfaces.

The editor of this book would like to express his gratitude to **Prof. M.A. Diab** and **Prof. A.A. El-Bindary,** Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Demiatta), Mansoura University, Demiatta, Egypt, for their useful advice in the process of preparing the book.

> **Adel Zaki El-Sonbati**  Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Demiatta), Mansoura University, Egypt

**Part 1** 

**Modifications of Thermoplastic Starch** 

**Part 1** 
