**5. Acknowledgments**

132 Atmospheric Model Applications

Mediterranean region

0 Over all eastern Mediterranean region

Table 5. Daily Anomalies amount in the meteorological elements and its location in the

It is clear from the above studies that ITCZ controlling on the extreme weather events. For first case study, the UK severed from abnormal cooling through the winter season on 2009. The mean temperature for that winter was 0.5 °C below average of (1971-2000), making it the coldest winter since 1997. However, the ITCZ is an important parameter for climatic studies in the northern hemispheric circulation. Through the present work relationship between the movement of the Atlantic-Western Africa ITCZ in summer 2008 and the cooling occurred over UK in winter 2009 has been studied. The results revealed that cooling in that winter was correlated to the southward variability that existed Atlantic -Western Africa ITCZ in summer 2008. However, there is mainly a significant positive correlation coefficient value +0.7 at 5° W longitude of ITCZ. In addition to that, for second case, the results of the present study uncover that the unusual north eastward shift of ITCZ over the north Sudan, Ethiopia and Red Sea on the period of 17-20 January 2010 leads to push the tropical weather regime northward towards eastern Mediterranean. One can concluding that the extreme shift of ITCZ to north eastward over eastern Africa is causing of occurrence widespread flash floods over EM on abnormal period. So in the future works the teleconnection of interaction between tropical and midlatitude weather regimes must take in consideration to forecasting of flash floods in EM region. In fact, during winter Northern Hemisphere, winter the ITCZ lies almost in the southern Hemisphere mainly over eastern Africa and Indian ocean. Meanwhile, during Summer Northern Hemisphere summer the ITCZ lies in the

MSL pressure in

Value Location

(hpa)

Anomalies in the following meteorological elements and its location in the eastern



Vector wind in

Meridional wind in

+6 Sudan, Red Sea and north of Egypt

+6 Red Sea and Saudi Arabia

> Mediterranean, Red Sea and north Sudan

+4 South Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean region

+4 Eastern

Value Location

(m/s)

Value Location

Sea

+7 Libya , Sudan and central of Red Sea

+7 Over eastern Mediterranean region

medial of Red

Mediterranean region

(m/s)

Anomalies in meteorological element

Mediterranean region

Geopotential height

Egypt

of Egypt

of Egypt

eastern Mediterranean region through the period 17-20 January

18 January 2010 -75 Egypt -10 Eastern

Value Location

In (m)

17 January 2010 -75 Libya and

19 January 2010 -100 North coast

20 January 2010 -100 North coast

**4. Discussion and conclusion** 

Date time

It is a pleasure to the author to thank the Climate Diagnostics Centre for supporting the data used throughout this study. Plots and images were provided by the NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Centre, Boulder, Colorado, USA from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov. Also, thanks to the Climate Prediction Centre for supporting the summer Atlantic - Western Africa ITCZ data which obtained through the website http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/monitoring\_data/., and the UK Meteorological Office for its support of summary of winter 2008/2009 that obtained from the website http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/. Also, thanks to the Climate Diagnostics Centre for supporting the data used throughout this study. Plots and images were provided by the NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Centre, Boulder, Colorado, USA from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov. Also, great thanks for dartmouth flood

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**6. References** 


**7** 

Yehia Hafez

*Egypt* 

*Cairo University, Faculty of Science,* 

**Blocking Systems Persist over** 

*Department of Astronomy, Space Science and Meteorology* 

**North Hemisphere and Its Role in Extreme** 

**Hot Waves over Russia During Summer 2010** 

The 2010 Northern Hemisphere summer included severe heat waves that impacted the European continent as a whole, along with parts of, Russia during June, July and August 2010. The 2010 summer heat wave over several parts of Russia was extraordinary, with the region experiencing the warmest July since at least 1880. During summer 2010 all of Europe lies under controlling of blocking systems that persist long time. The formation, persistence, and the role played by blocking systems in abnormal weather and climate in the northern hemisphere challenged in several scientific literatures (e.g; Rex,1951; Namias, 1964, 1978; Dickson & Namias,1976; Dole, 1983); Hafez, 1997; Lejenas, 1989; Cohen, et al., 2001; and recently Hafez, 2008b and 2011). For heat waves, (Stott et al., 2004), for the 2003 western European heat wave, they found that, human influences are estimated to have at least doubled the risk for such an extreme event. Other boundary forcing also contributed to the 2003 European heat wave, including anomalous sea surface temperatures (SSTs) (Feudale & Shukla, 2010). (Dole et al., 2011) studied the 2010 northern hemisphere summer to explore whether early warning could have been provided through knowledge of natural and human-caused climate forcings. They used Model simulations and observational data to determine the impact of observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs), sea ice conditions and greenhouse gas concentrations. They found that, analysis of forced model simulations indicates that neither human influences nor other slowly evolving ocean boundary conditions contributed substantially to the magnitude of this heat wave. Analysis of observations indicate that this heat wave was mainly due to internal atmospheric dynamical processes that produced and maintained a strong and long-lived blocking event, and that similar atmospheric patterns have occurred with prior heat waves in this region. They concluded that the intense 2010 Russian heat wave was mainly due to natural internal atmospheric variability. However, A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity. There is no universal definition of a heat wave, the term is relative to the usual weather in the area. Temperatures that people from a hotter climate consider normal can be termed a heat wave in a cooler area if they are outside the normal climate pattern for that area. The term is applied both to routine weather variations and to extraordinary spells of heat which may occur only once a century. Severe

**1. Introduction** 

Wang, & Magnusdottir, G. (2006). The ITCZ in the central and eastern Pacific on synoptic timescales. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134,1405-1421. Wang, C.-C., Chou C., & Lee, W.-L. (2010). The breakdown and reformation of the ITCZ in a moist atmosphere. J. of Atmos. Sci., 67,1247-1260.
