**5. Acknowledgment**

This research was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic under contract No. 1/0272/11.

### **6. References**


Additional beating at 49 °SR of 8-times recycled pulp fibres showed that these fibres retained sufficient potential of strength properties with parallel decrease of porosity and

In practice the paper contains beside of pulp fibres, also many auxiliary paper agents that are combined with other factors (way of treatment, warehousing) and could negatively

The growth of paper production in the future will not be possible without utilization of recycled kraft pulp fibres. The majority of them are originated from hardwood. The treatment of these recycled fibres should take into account the dominant influence of beating (additional beating). Achieving of optimal beating degree 28 – 29 °SR assures the

Drying temperature is other important recycling factor and is closely linked on the changes of fibres swelling ability and paper porosity. This effect influences significantly technological parameters of paper production and should be take into account during the

This research was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of Ministry of Education of the

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**Part 3** 

**Potential Uses of Recycled Wastes** 


**Part 3** 

**Potential Uses of Recycled Wastes** 

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1007-X

**12** 

*Korea* 

**Reuse of Waste Shells** 

*1Daegu Haany University 2Yoosung Co. Ltd., R&D Center* 

> *3Kwangwoon University 4Hanseo University*

**as a SO2/NOx Removal Sorbent** 

Kyung-Seun Yoo3 and Byung-Hyun Shon4

Jong-Hyeon Jung1, Jae-Jeong Lee2, Gang-Woo Lee2,

Lately, many environmental pollution problems are taking place due to advancement of science and technology, enhancement of industry, rapid economic development, change of life style, and population increase. Not only in Korea but also worldwide consciousness of crisis over environmental pollution problems is spreading and especially countermeasures to solve the environmental pollution come into the limelight as concerns of the entire globe beyond any regions and nations. In the past, environmental pollutions including abnormal weather changes, global warming, El Nino, Ra Nina, ozone layer destruction, and marine pollution were issues of a limited area, but now they appear in fact as issues of the entire

In the southern coast of Korea, a lot of oyster shells are dumped as a by-product of marine aquaculture industry. A large amount of oyster shells is a general waste fishermen should take care of but it seems difficult to handle it effectively due to the problems of securing of landfill sites and collection/transportation of oyster shells [Jung, 2005, 2007]. This waste piles up at coastal areas and causes many environmental problems including pollution of coastal fisheries, management problem of public water surface, damage of natural

In Japan, 200,000 tons of oysters were produced in 2007 [Asaoka et al., 2009]. And Table 1 shows oyster production of Korea from 1997 to 2006. On the basis of these data, generation of oyster shells is estimated on the average at 270,000 tons/year [Kim, 2007], and more than 50~70% of which was dumped into public waters and reclaimed lands, which cause an unpleasant fishy smell as a consequence of the decomposition of fresh remnant attached to oysters (Kim, 2007; Yoon et al., 2003; Shin et al., 1998). Approximately 30~50% of shells from harvested oysters was utilized and the remainder was disposed (Yoon et al., 2003; Kwon et al., 2004). Thus, recycling of waste oyster-shells has arisen as an imminent issue in the mariculture industry. As a recycling process, a lot of studies on the application of waste oyster-shells to construction materials (Yoon et al., 2003), laver farming, fertilizer (Nippon

**1. Introduction** 

globe [Jung, 1999, 2008].

landscape, and health/sanitation problem.
