**3. Conclusions**

402 Material Recycling – Trends and Perspectives

pH 8 8.34 8.61

(mS/cm) 4.55 5.46 5.18 Total organic carbon (%) 33.82 27.47 22.37 Organic matter (%) 63.25 52.24 42.40 C/N 16.93 11.75 13.56 Total Nitrogen (%) 2.15 1.56 1.32 CEC (meq/100 g) 215 237 255 CHA/CFA 0.64 0.88 2.35 Ca (ppm) 16400 68604 40869 Mg (ppm) 3800 5289 4347 K (ppm) 10250 25200 23314 P (ppm) 4600 8539 7184 Table 5. Physical and chemical characteristics of manure and two types of composts.

In soils amended with two composts were recorded a higher fertilizing values than those amended with manure (Table 6). Tomati et al. (1996), in an experiment with potato grown on soil amended by compost or manure mixtures, obtained higher crop yields with OMW

Amendment Manure Compost C1 Compost C2

The soil analysis showed that the addition of compost produced great changes in soil pH. This observation was also deduced by Gallardo-Lara and Nogales (1987) in a calcareous soil

In addition, the studied composts increased significantly the soil salinity, according to the EC values. In the most cases, the increases of Corg, Norg, P and K nutrient contents and the CEC values in soil due to organic amendment were also observed in soils with

The levels of chlorides and sodium were for all time higher in the soils with composts and manure. The Corg, Norg, and available K concentrations and the CEC values of the amended soils decreased after cropping compared to value before cropping for each parameter. This fact is considered as a consequence of the OM mineralisation, plant uptake and fixation of phosphorus as calcium phosphates hardly available to plants in calcareous

Potato yield production (T/Ha) 42.5 46 47 Table 6. Comparative effects of composts 1 (C1) and 2 (C2) on potato yield production.

Compost C1: OH+PM+ CW+OMW

Compost C2: OH+PM+ CW

Parameters Manure

Electric conductivity

• **Soil amendment essay** 

amended with solid waste compost.

compost.

composts.

With the vast amounts of olive and poultry residues production in Mediterranean countries, their treatment and disposal are becoming a serious environmental problems. An attention has been paid to wastes and technologies are available nowadays for reducing their pollutant effects and for their transformations in a final product which can be used without any pollution risk. By using composting technologies, it is possible to transform these residues mixed with appropriate percentages into organic fertilizers (composts) with no phytotoxicity to improve soil fertility and plant production.

The composting of liquid or solid organic agro-industrial wastes offers an important advantages: valorization of wastes, reducing the decrease of farm manure used for soil amendment and absence of negative effects on crop qualities.

The composting is a controlled biological process which involves a heterogeneous organic solid substrate may resolve the problem of wastes which can be liquid or solid.

This technology could have an important repercussion in many countries of the world, since they suffer water restrictions and the increase of organic waste volumes. Thus, it requires new environmental and economically viable management options. In this work, we were interested in agricultural valorisation of composts obtained by mixtures of olive husks, poultry manure, Olive mill wastewaters,...

It can be deduced that composting is a suitable alternative for the recycling wastes. The obtained compost had a stabilised and humified organic matter and an important tenors of macronutrients which were recorded due to OM mineralization. The positive effects on soil fertility and productivity increased with the application of compost. However, the composting of organic wastes depends on raw materials. In fact, the composting of wastes containing OMW for example requires a longer time and this could be the major concern regarding the use of compost in soil with sufficient maturity.

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