**3.6 Six weeks exposure**

### **Clinical observation, Body and organ weight**

At the end of the 43-day-period of drug administration, No overt signs of toxicity were seen in any of the animals during the course of the study. No statistical difference was observed between the body and organ weight of the control group and the assay group in the male rats receiving the three doses, all animals exhibited a gain in body weight. Organ weights (% relative organ weights) were similar to those of the corresponding organs from the control. (Fig 5 and 6).


Values are expressed as mean S.E.M. for n = 7 Relative organs weight = Absolute Organ Weight X 100 Final Organ Weight

Table 3. Effect of *V. Amygdalina* on daily food and fluid intake, body weights and organs weight of rats. (14days exposure)

Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Malaria:

Values are expressed as means ± S.E.M for n = 7 \* Significantly increased (P0.05) compared to control. # Significantly reduced (P0.05) compared to control.

Values are expressed as means ± S.E.M. for n = 7 \* Significantly increased (P0.05) compared to control. # Significantly reduced (P0.05) compared to control.

ALT, Alanin Amino transferase AST. Aspartate amino transferase ALK. Phos, Alkaline Phosphatase.

Exposure)

*Vernonia amygdalina*: An Overview of Evidence and Pharmacology 179

Hb (g/dl) 12.17± 0.27 9.97± 0.73 11.88± 0.78 10.54±0.47 PCV (%) 36.14±0.79 29.71±2.20 35.42± 2.34 31.42± 1.41 MCHC (g/dl) 32.14±0.34 30.28±0.60 32.00±0.65 30.85±0.40 RBC (x 1012/L) 4.64±0.13 3.84±0.25# 4.30±0.35# 3.58±0.14# Platelet (x 109) 156.42±3.77 139.85±4.38 153.28±6.95 136.71±3.82# WBS (x 109/L) 6.57±0.43 5.57±0.87 6.68±0.51 3.47±0.89# Neutrophil (%) 20.57±2.42 25.57±1.95\* 24.00±1.77\* 21.00±1.67 Lymphocyte (%) 79.28±2.53 74.42±1.95 77.4±2.47 83.28±3.48\*

Table 4. Effect of *V. amygdalina* on selected hematological parameter in rats (14days

**Parameters Control 500 mg/kg 1000 mg/kg 2000 mg/kg**  AKL.Phos (iu/L) 212.1±2.21 215.5±3.77 218.8±8.11 218.7±3.45 Total Protein (g/L) 71.5± 1.11 74.3±2.69 77.0± 0.54 73.7± 2.21 Albumin (g/L) 38.3± 1.25 39.7± 1.04 40.0± 0.94 39.6± 0.76 Direct Biliru (Mol/L) 1.8± 0.82 2.5± 1.01\* 3.2± 1.51\* 4.0± 1.78\* Total Biliru (Mol/L) 4.2±2.65 6.28±2.63\* 5.71±2.53\* 6.57± 3.19\* ALT (iu/L) 32.7±5.80 34.60±10.18 35.10±11.04 33.70± 6.23 AST (iu/L) 42.28±10.27 40.43±10.68 41.29±12.32 41.14± 5.52 Chol (Mol/L) 1.23±0.32 0.92±0.33 1.25±0.34 1.10± 0.28 Trig (Mol/L) 0.51±0.04 0.86± 0.18 0.60±0.60 0.47± 0.06 HDL (iu/l) 0.44±0.39 0.44± 0.31 0.36±0.07 0.42± 0.44 LDL (Mol/L) 0.37±0.20 0.53± 0.19 0.69±0.20 0.64± 0.16 VLDL (Mol/L) 0.23±0.02 0.39±0.08 0.27±0.02 0.21± 0.03 CHO/HDL (Mol/L) 2.80±0.84 1.95±0.73 2.60±0.69 2.72± 0.80 K+ (mMol/L) 6.92±028 8.04±0.50 7.02±0.52 7.35± 0.48 Na+ (mMol/L) 139.14± 3.34 140.71± 5.84 147.43 ±2.79\* 145.57 ± 1.06\* Cl (mMol/L) 107.57 ± 2.72 110.70 ± 5.32 117.40 ±4.37\* 114.00 ± 1.46\* HCO2 (mMol/L) 23.71±0.91 22.28±1.32 21.14±0.39 21.14± 0.40 Uric Acid (Mol/L) 106.6± 6.74 164.6± 19.18 168.6±8.21 134.8±9.50 Urea (mMol/L) 6.80±0.44 7.31±0.39 6.82±0.72 4.60± 0.41# Creat (mMol/L) 76.57±2.80 73.71± 8.4 70.14±2.52 76.85± 4.06

Table 5. Effects of *V.Amygdalina* on Clinical Chemistry Parameter in rats. (14days exposure)

**Parameter Control 500mg/kg 1000mg/kg 2000mg/kg** 


Values are expressed as means ± S.E.M for n = 7

178 Toxicity and Drug Testing

Values are expressed as mean S.E.M. for n = 7 Relative organs weight = Absolute Organ Weight X 100

weight of rats. (14days exposure)

Table 3. Effect of *V. Amygdalina* on daily food and fluid intake, body weights and organs

Final Organ Weight

\* Significantly increased (P0.05) compared to control.
