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**Part 2** 

**Toxicity** 


**Part 2** 

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2695, ISSN *1520-5134* 

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Vol. 54, pp. 2123-2125, ISSN *1520-5134* 

Societies, London, UK

Chiester, England.

**Toxicity** 

**10** 

*China* 

**Toxic Effects of Cadmium** 

**on Crabs and Shrimps** 

*1College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, 2College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University,* 

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals for humans; the main source of nonoccupational exposure to Cd includes smoking, air, and food and water contaminated by Cd (Nagata et al., 2005). In addition, herbal medicine is another source of Cd. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 4 billion people or 80 percent of the world population, presently use herbal medicine (Naithani et al., 2010). Several articles have reported of adverse effects of these herbal preparations due to the presence of high level of heavy metals such as Cd, lead, chromium, nickel, etc. (Naithani et al., 2010). Saeed et al. (2010) investigated twenty five herbal products. The results revealed that the concentrations of some heavy metals, including Cd, were far greater than the permissible limits proposed by the International Regulatory Authorities for herbal drugs. Acute or chronic exposure of Cd causes respiratory distress, lung, breast and endometrial cancers, cardiovascular disorders and endocrine dysfunction (Åkesson et al., 2008; Chang et al., 2009; Messner et al.,

In addition, Cd is a common inorganic contaminant of coastal sediments and waters due to anthropogenic pollution and natural sources (Ivanina et al., 2008, 2010; Sokolova et al., 2004). It can be accumulated in aquatic animals (e.g. crabs, shrimps, oysters and mussels) after entering through different way such as respiratory tract, digestive tract, surface penetration etc. (Dailianis & Kaloyianni, 2004; Dailianis et al., 2009; Ivanina et al., 2008, 2010; Li et al., 2008b; Sokolova, 2004; Sokolova et al., 2004; Wang L. et al., 2001, 2002a,b, 2008; Wang Q. et al., 2003; Zhao et al., 1995). It is seriously harmful to the growth of aquatic life and survival, resulting in decline of their populations. At the same time, as aquatic food

Cd in waters can be absorbed by aquatic organisms via respiratory system, digestive system and body surface without significant excretion (Rainbow & White, 1989; van Hatton et al., 1989). And we can get valuable information for evaluating the level of Cd pollution in

2009; Nagata et al., 2005; Naithani et al., 2010; Navas-Acien et al., 2004).

products, these animals exposed to Cd might threaten human health.

waters and sediments by assaying Cd concentration in crabs and shrimps.

**1.1 Cd accumulation and distribution in crabs and shrimps** 

**1. Introduction** 

Xianjiang Kang1, Shumei Mu1, Wenyan Li2 and Na Zhao1
