**4. Applications of turbo-switch**

The turbo-switches are supposed to be applied in the all-optical signal processing in order to enhance the operation speed. The turbo-switches have been employed as the all-optical AND gate (wavelength conversion) and XOR gate, whose operation speeds have been increased up to 160 Gb/s and 85 Gb/s respectively. In this section, we will demonstrate the details of the high-speed operation of the turbo-switches, from both theoretical and experimental aspects.
