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**8** 

*Canada* 

Ali Honaramooz

*University of Saskatchewan* 

**Cryopreservation of Testicular Tissue** 

Immediate use of freshly collected testis tissue in diagnosis or in reproductive technologies is not always possible or desirable. Therefore, the ability to properly preserve the tissue for varying intervals is an essential step for maximizing the use of the source tissue. Preservation of gametes and gonads is a topic of interest in reproductive biomedicine. Other chapters in this book have elegantly covered current knowledge on the cryopreservation of sperm, oocytes, and early embryos as well as ovarian tissue, among other cells and tissues. However, the main objective of this chapter is to provide a focused discussion of the importance, methodology, potential applications, and limitations for applying cryopreservation to testicular tissue.

Cryopreservation of human testis tissue obtained by biopsy can be used as a potential future source of sperm. For adult cancer survivors whose only source of sperm is the testis parenchyma, cryopreservation of testis biopsies may be the only option remaining if they prefer to father their own biological progeny. This will require detection of sperm in frozenthawed cell suspensions of testis tissues for use in intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). More importantly, cryopreservation of immature testis biopsies can offer a unique alternative for prepubertal boys undergoing gonadotoxic cancer treatments, whose only future source of spermatogenesis (*i.e.,* spermatogonial stem cells) is at risk. These strategies can also be applied to genetic preservation of endangered species/breeds through the cryopreservation of testis tissue from young animals that die prior to reaching maturity. Restoring the developmental potential of testis tissue after cryopreservation may also

The effects of cryoprotectant concentration and cooling rate are not similar among tissues or species. Therefore, we will discuss the basis for a number of successfully applied strategies and workable protocols that have been used to effectively cryopreserve testis tissue in

In summary, this chapter provides an overview of the current literature and contributions by the author and colleagues on cryopreservation of testicular tissue and its potential

In mammals at birth, all organs/tissues required for sustaining life display functional competence and histological similarity to those in mature individuals. Reproductive tissues,

applications in experimental and clinical settings in reproduction medicine.

provide insight into proper banking of other immature tissues.

**1.1 Developmental changes in the structure of testis tissue** 

**1. Introduction** 

various species.

