**6. Conclusion**

Clinicians and researchers are still far from having a tool to efficiently detect and monitor OAB. Several attempts have been made to identify specific bladder parameters, serum and urinary proteins that could fulfil such purpose. In all cases, researchers have come across issues. Due to several problems, the real clinical relevance of each proposed biomarker is still very much unclear, most of the publications reflecting more the willingness of the investigators rather than the true scientific value of findings. More studies are clearly necessary. In the near future, it is likely that some of these issues are overcome, as researchers are increasingly aware of the need to standardize methodologies and are already proposing basic protocols that could be easily adopted by most laboratories. Multicentre

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