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**6** 

*Brazil* 

**Fuel Cell: A Review and a New Approach About** 

Environmental concerns related to energy, already widely held today, will substantially increase in coming years. The energy is one of the main factors to consider in environmentalists discussions, since there is an intimate connection between energy, environment and sustainable development (Stambouli & Traversa, 2002a). In response to a critical need for cleaner energy technology, the solutions have evolved, including energy conservation by improving the efficiency of global energy, a reduction in the use of fossil fuels and an increase in the supply of renewable energies (hydro (Mendez et al., 2006), solar (Akorede et al., 2010), wind (Mendez et al., 2006), biomass (Kirubakaran et al., 2009), geothermal (Fridleifsson, 2001), hydrogen (Louie & Strunz, 2007), etc…). In the context of renewable energy, a good alternative can be found in the development and popularization

A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that generates electricity and heat by combining, electrochemically, fuel gas (hydrogen, for example) and an oxidant gas (oxygen in air). During this process, water is obtained as a reaction product. The fuel cell does not work with charging system such as a battery, it only produces power while the fuel is supplied. The main characteristic of a fuel cell is its ability to convert chemicals directly into electrical energy, with a conversion efficiency much higher than any conventional thermo-mechanical system, thus extracting more electricity from the same amount of fuel to operate without combustion. It is virtually free of pollution and has a quieter operation because there are no

The initial concept of fuel cells is attributed to the German physical-chemist Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald in 1894. His idea was to modify the internal combustion engines, eliminating the intermediate stage of combustion and convert chemical energy into electrical energy in a single step. His devices project provided the direct oxidation of natural fuel and oxygen from the air, using the electrochemical mechanism. The device that would perform

Ostwald's concepts marked the beginning of a great deal of research in the fuel cells field. Ostwald examined only the theoretical aspect of energy conversion in fuel cells, but completely ignored other practical aspects: the question of whether the electrochemical

**1. Introduction** 

of fuel cells (Akorede et al., 2010).

moving mechanical parts (Stambouli & Traversa, 2002a).

this direct conversion was called a fuel cell (Wand, 2006).

**YSZ Solid Oxide Electrolyte Deposition Direct** 

**on LSM Porous Substrate by Spray Pyrolysis** 

Tiago Falcade and Célia de Fraga Malfatti

*Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul* 

