**6. References**

276 Sintering of Ceramics – New Emerging Techniques

Fig. 20. (a-c): MAS glass ceramic materials in different shape and size (a) showing solid slab,

Magnesium aluminum silicate (MAS) glass ceramic was prepared successfully by sintering route and characterized in terms of both phase evolution during firing and microstructure at the optimum sintering temperature. The chemical composition of specimen MAS-G8 was found appropriate as compared to other compositions. The 9.14% weight loss was observed in specimen MAS-G8 after heating up to 900oC by TG-DTA and found thermally stable above 900oC. MAS-G8 sintered at temperature 1040oC provided smaller and uniform particle size distribution, 93% theoretical density. The phase evolution examined by XRD revealed that three main phase fluorophlogopite (F), sillimanite (S) and leucite (L) were present in the prepared magnesium aluminum silicate glass ceramic specimens as result of different chemical reactions during firing; however the specimen MAS-G8 consists of predominant fluorophlogopite glassy phase with uniform particle size distribution. Radiographic studies show the least (3-4%) through porosity whereas SEM image indicates

The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of M. Masood, M.M.R. Baig, Zahid Hussain, Aurangzeb, M. Hussain, Zahir Ahmad, Shahid Ayub for drawing 3D figures on AutoCAD and also providing assistance during the preparation of sintered specimens,

cylindrical rod, green crucible, disc (b) green and sintered slabs (c) sintered rod.

**4. Conclusion** 

some surface porosity.

**5. Acknowledgement** 

measurement of density and XRD/XRF analysis.


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**13** 

*France* 

**A Novel Approach to Develop** 

*1Groupe d'Etudes des Matériaux Hétérogènes (GEMH, ENSCI), Centre Européen de la Céramique, 12 rue Atlantis, Limoges,* 

Gaelle Delaizir1 and Laurent Calvez2

*Université de Rennes 1, Rennes Cedex,* 

**Chalcogenide Glasses and Glass-Ceramics by** 

Chalcogenide glasses have been in the last decades, of paramount interest for night vision devices because of their remarkable transparency in the two atmospheric windows (3-5µm and 8-12µm). Chalcogenide glasses tend to replace, at least partially, the expensive monocrystalline Ge or polycrystalline ZnSe for infrared (IR) lenses (Zhang et al., 2003). The ease of processing due to their viscoplastic property and the lower cost of chalcogenide glasses compared to mono-crystalline Ge have made them one of the best candidates for lenses of optical thermal imaging cameras but are also very efficient for various fields of applications working in the second and third atmospheric windows. Thus, chalcogenide glasses are at the centre of active and passive applications such as night vision (Guillevic et al., 2009), generation of new infrared sources (Troles et al., 2010), electronic devices (Danto et al., 2010), chemical and biological sensors to detect CO2 or tumors respectively (Wilhelm et al., 2007), etc. They are also promising materials for energy applications, such as solid electrolyte (Hayashi et al., 2001) or thermoelectric materials (Goncalves et al., 2010). These glasses that contain no oxygen in their composition are usually synthesized in vacuumed silica ampoules using the so-called melt-quenching technique. The low thermal conductivity of silica limits the cooling rate during quenching. This usually leads to heterogeneous composition in the case of unstable glass composition (that tends to crystallize) and thus, reduces the glassy domain as well as the available diameters of these glasses. In this chapter, we describe a novel approach to synthesize chalcogenide glass bulks with large diameters including unstable compositions. This technique combines either the mechanical alloying to get amorphous powder or the grinding of glass obtained from previous small diameter melt-quenching technique and the Pulsed Current Electrical Sintering (PCES) also known as Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) (Hubert et al., submitted). This new technique allows both the sintering of amorphous powder and its shaping in one step in few minutes. This paves the way for a new set of glasses previously impossible to synthesize, especially for crystallization concerns. Indeed, the fast heating rates reached by SPS (Joule effect heating) prevents the glass from undesirable crystallization. Also, the SPS technique is efficient to

**1. Introduction** 

**Pulsed Current Electrical Sintering (PCES)** 

*2Equipe Verres et Céramiques, UMR CNRS Sciences Chimiques de Rennes,* 

