**Part 4**

**The Role of Stoichiometry in the Determination of Protein Interactions** 

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**9** 

*Israel* 

**Stoichiometry of Signalling** 

**Regulation by the Numbers** 

*Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan* 

**Complexes in Immune Cells:** 

Elad Noy, Barak Reicher and Mira Barda-Saad *The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences,* 

Host protection against pathogens and tumor cells is mediated mainly via white blood cells or leukocytes. As an inappropriate immune response can result in damage to the host and/or failure in pathogen clearance, the activation and function of leukocytes are tightly regulated processes. Regulation of immune cells is carried out by complex networks of receptors and cellular mediators. While the progress of the signal cascade is necessary for leukocyte activation and the development of an immune response, improper signaling and cellular activation are associated with various pathologies. The study of such networks constitutes a cornerstone of immunological research and has great implications for the understanding of the immune system and for the development of immunotherapies for

In this chapter, we will describe the importance of the stoichiometry of signalling complexes in the regulation of leukocyte activation and function. We will focus on techniques used to analyze the formation, composition, and stoichiometry of multiprotein complexes, and we will also review current information and implications of stoichiometry on immune-cell

Protection against infectious diseases is mediated by the immune system, which includes both humoral and cellular responses that enable the protective function or resistance against pathogens (Viret & Janeway, 1999). While humoral immunity is mediated by secreted proteins, peptides and small molecules and participates in host protection, responses of

Immune cells, or leukocytes (white blood cells) are divided into two main cell types based on their nuclear shape; these include mononuclear cells (including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes) and polymorphonuclear cells, also termed "granulocytes" (including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils). In general, each of these

**1. Introduction** 

activation and regulation.

**1.1 Leukocytes and their regulation** 

cancer, infectious diseases, as well as autoimmunity.

immune cells are cardinal for most immunological functions.
