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**18** 

*Serbia* 

**Antibacterial Agents** 

**from Lignicolous Macrofungi** 

Maja Karaman, Milan Matavulj and Ljiljana Janjic

*University of Novi Sad, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad* 

Since ancient times, the mushrooms have been prized as food as well as source for drugs, giving rise to an increasing interest today ("functional food"). Number of macrofungi is of a medicinal importance and represents an unlimited source of secondary metabolites of high medicinal value while a large number of biologically active molecules are identified in many species of macrofungi throughout the world (Wasser & Weis, 1999; Kitzberger et al., 2007; Barros et al., 2007; Turkoglu et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2008; 2007; Wasser, 2011). In addition, of importance is the amount of produced substances namely, they must be simple for the manufacturing (industrial synthesis) or there must be enough raw material for extraction of active molecules. Such molecules, if chemical groups responsible for biological activity are

Lignicolous macrofungi express significant biological effects, including antibacterial activity (Hur et al., 2004; Ishikawa et al., 2005; Kalyoncu et al., 2010) and their secondary metabolites can be easily extracted and identified. It has been found that secondary metabolites are very divergent in structure and play no essential role in their growth and reproduction, but probably have a function in biochemical evolution of a species ensuring its survival (Engler et al., 1998). The presence of these compounds in macrofungi is genetically determined, but also varies as a function of ecological factors and the growth stage of these organisms (Puttaraju et al., 2006). The fungal metabolites of fruiting bodies frequently differ from those of mycelia of submerged cultures or fermentation broth. Moreover, biogenetic pathways are rather dependent on their habitats or geographic origin. The chemical composition of fungal species significantly relies on the strains and sites (substrates) of the fruiting body production. The level of phenolic compounds seems to be very much dependent on the location and stress conditions (Kim et al., 2008). With regard to this, more geographical regions and more habitats

A great potential of these fungi is found in their use as dietary supplements, regardless active principle. A number of products derived from mushrooms that are sold in the market is untested and of suspicious quality. Since the natural style of life become more and more popular around the world, what means return to the organic, natural food and medicines, many people lack a critical attitude to the so-called ecological products. It would therefore be important to develop food suplements and medicines based on natural resources, but

with the necessary scientific confirmation of values of such products.

known, should serve as basic compounds for the synthesis of new molecules.

**1. Introduction** 

should be analyzed in the future.

