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**13** 

*1Pakistan 2UK* 

**Comparative Evaluation of** 

**Different Techniques for Aflatoxin** 

**Effect on Broiler Performance** 

T. Mahmood1, T.N. Pasha1 and F.M. Khattak2

*University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 2Avian Science Research Centre, SAC, Edinburgh,* 

*1Department of Food and Nutrition,* 

**Detoxification in Poultry Feed and Its** 

Aatoxins (AF), the toxic secondary metabolites produced by *Aspergillus avus* and *Aspergillus parasiticus*, are a major concern in the poultry production. AF metabolites are stable and fairly resistant compounds to degradation (Dalvi, 1986; Park, 2002; Desphande, 2002; Lesson *et al.*, 1995; Feuell, 1996). These metabolites are usually produced during the growth of the *Aspergillus flavus*, *Aspergillus parasitcus* and *Aspergillus nominus* on certain foods and feedstuffs under favourable conditions of moisture, temperature and aeration (Goto *et al.*, 1997; Dutta and Das, 2001). Their toxicity depends on several factors including its concentration, the duration of exposure, the species, sex, age, and health status of animals (Jewers, 1990). Contamination of AF in feed causes aatoxicosis in poultry that is characterised by reduced feed intake, decreased weight gain, poor feed utilization (Tedesco *et al*., 2004; Bailey *et al*., 2006; Shi *et al.,* 2006, 2009), increased susceptibility to environmental and microbial stresses, and increased mortality (Leeson *et al.,* 1995). AF can also cause productive deterioration which is associated with changes in biochemical and hematological parameters (Denli *et al.,* 2004; Basmacioglu *et al.,* 2005; Bintvihok and Kositcharoenkul, 2006), liver and kidney abnormalities, and impaired immunity, which is able to enhance susceptibility to some environmental and infectious agents (Ibrahim *et al.,* 2000; Oguz *et al.,* 2003). AF has been reported to have effect on metabolism in poultry by decreasing the activities of several enzymes that are important in the digestion of starch, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Consequently, the activities of serum glutamate pyruvatate transaminase, serum gluatamate oxaloacetate tranferase and γ-glutamyl transferase are increased, primarily indicating hepatic damage (Devegowda and Murthy, 2005). AF is also known to interfere with metabolism of vitamin D, iron and copper and can cause leg weakness (Khajarern and Khajarern, 1999). Severe economic losses have been reported in the poultry industry due to aflatoxicosis (Kubena *et al.,* 1991, 1995). Ultimately, the transmission of AF and its metabolites from feed to animal edible tissues and products, such as liver and eggs,

**1. Introduction** 

becomes a potential hazard for human health.
