**2. Methodology**

This section explains in detail the methodology for this research. In addition, the research design, sampling and sampling techniques, instrumentation, data analysis and ethical consideration were discussed.

#### **2.1 Research design**

The research employed a survey method where the researchers adapted a validated questionnaire from Schmidt et al. [19]. The study targeted 200 lecturers, but the participants were 184 lecturers from three public Colleges of Education who returned the completed questionnaire. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistics. For ethical consideration, the dignity and integrity of the participants are essential, and the researchers did not violate them. Furthermore, anonymity and confidentiality were respected. Therefore, for anonymity, the sampled Colleges' real names were not mentioned (pseudonyms) throughout the study.
