**4. The influence of stress and anxiety**

Stress makes students more likely to fail, make mistakes, and perform poorly on tests, especially if they fear failure and mistakes. Students may find stress to be one of the most powerful deterrents to learning, regardless of the source of the stress. Students' self-talk while performing a task is often dominated by worries, which leads to less achievement. This is because students are involved in a process that reduces their working memory capacity and their ability to solve problems [6]. It is like what happens when students have unrealistically high expectations of themselves and strive to achieve perfection their working memory is occupied with self-worry, limiting their ability to process information. The working memory of students in both situations is occupied either with negative self-talk or worries about possibly not being able to meet their high standards.
