**5.1 Correlation among the respondents' various variables and the socioeconomic factors, issues, and related criteria**

**Table 5** shows that male students are more mentally stressed by socioeconomic status (SES), about 72.7%. Again, their SES influences their academic study and also more highly (81.8%) than the female students, and 66.7% of females are satisfied with their SES.

**Table 6** reveals the academic year and other SES criteria of the respondents. 4th year Hons students are the 2nd highest in being mentally stressed about their SES, and the highest are the 1st year master's students. For the influence of SES on students' academic study, the 2nd year students of honors level are more in percentage (81.8%). The impact of SES on students' personal life is more among the 3rd year Hons students. 4th year students are highly satisfied with SES.

**Table** 7 illustrates that 72% of unmarried students are mentally stressed because of SES, and also, 55.6% of unmarried students have been influenced by SES, and it


#### **Table 5.**

*Sex and other socioeconomic criteria of the respondents.*


#### **Table 6.**

*Academic year and other socioeconomic criteria of the respondents.*


#### **Table 7.**

*Marital status and other socioeconomic criteria of the respondents.*


#### **Table 8.**

*Parental monthly income and other socioeconomic criteria of the respondents.*

impacts their academic study. Again, 83.3% of the unmarried respondents have the impact of SES on their personal life, and all (100%) of the married students are satisfied with SES.

Parental income affects students' SES, and **Table 8** explains the parental monthly income and other socioeconomic criteria of the students. All of the respondents whose parental income is under 10000Tk have the highest mental stress for socioeconomic status (SES). Those students whose parental monthly income averages from 25,000 to 40,000 Tk have the influence of SES on their academic study and also the impact of SES on their personal life. On the other hand, all of the respondents are satisfied with their SES whose parents have above 40000Tk of monthly income.

**Table 9** shows that all the respondents (100%) whose father's education is under the SSC level have the most mental stress. Those whose father's education levels are undergraduate or graduate think that their SES influences their academic study, and those whose fathers are postgraduate (100%) are fully satisfied with their SES.

**Table 10** reveals that of the respondents, those with the mother's education under the SSC level (88%) have the most mental stress. Also, for those whose mother's education levels are SSC/HSC (87.5%), their SES influences their academic study, and those whose mothers are undergraduate/graduate (80%) are mostly satisfied with their SES.

**Table 11** illustrates that those respondents whose fathers are in a government job, private job, or teaching position have less mental stress for SES. Again, those respondents whose fathers are farmers, retired government officers, shopkeepers (67%), and retired government employees are more influenced by the SES, and this impacts their


#### **Table 9.**

*Father's education and other socioeconomic criteria of the respondents.*

*Mental Stress, Socioeconomic Status, and Academic Performance: A Critical Analysis among… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109795*


#### **Table 10.**

*Mother's education and other socioeconomic criteria of the respondents.*


#### **Table 11.**

*Father's occupation and other socioeconomic criteria of the respondents.*

academic study highly. On the other hand, those whose father's occupation is shopkeeping (60%) are less satisfied with their SES.

**Table 12** reveals the data about the mother's occupation and other socioeconomic criteria of the respondents. Among the students, those whose mothers are teachers (30%) are mentally less stressed about the SES, and those whose mothers are involved


#### **Table 12.**

*Mother's occupation and other socioeconomic criteria of the respondents.*


#### **Table 13.**

*Supporting the family financially and other socioeconomic criteria of the respondents.*


#### **Table 14.**

*Family's access/priority to equal rights for making any decision to the society and other socioeconomic variables of the respondents.*

with other occupations (65%) have the most influence of SES on their academic study, and 63% have the impact of SES on their personal life. Among the students whose mothers are teachers, 50% of the respondents are satisfied with their SES.

**Table 13** shows that those students who are supporting their families financially, 70% are mentally stressed about their SES, and have the impact of SES on their personal life. This table also says that for students who are not supporting their families financially, 58% have the influence of SES on their academic study, and 53% of them are satisfied with their SES.

**Table 14** illustrates that for those students whose family has equal the rights/ access/priority to make any decision in society, 72% of the students have mental stress from SES; 55% have an influence of SES on their academic study; 83% have the impact of SES on their personal life; 50% of the students have satisfaction with SES. On the other hand, those students whose family has not had equal rights/excess/priority to make any decision in society, 70% of the respondents have mental stress from SES; 60% have the influence of SES on their academic study; 75% have the impact of SES on their personal life; and 50% of the students are satisfied with their SES state.

### **6. Case study of the respondents**

#### **6.1 Case study-1**

Ramisa (pseudonym) comes from a lower-class family in Bangladesh's rural areas. She is an Hons 3rd year student at Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University. The

*Mental Stress, Socioeconomic Status, and Academic Performance: A Critical Analysis among… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109795*

financial condition of her family is not very good. Her father is a farmer, and her mother is a housewife. There are seven members in her family. Her family's monthly income is 15,000 Taka. Since her family members are large in number, they face some problems surviving on less income. Her educational or other monthly expenditure is 5000 Taka. Her family bears her educational or other expenditure, and she said that it is good enough to fulfill her needs. As she does not have any income sources, she cannot support her family. She wants to change her current socioeconomic status because she faces some practical problems like underestimating her neighbors and classmates. Her current socioeconomic background makes some social and economic problems, so she is not satisfied with this background. She said, "Sometimes I face an economic shortage. I feel tension to manage the money insufficiency. But I try to prevent it and let it not affect my academic studies."

#### **6.2 Case study-2**

MD Omar Farooqui comes from a middle-income family in Bangladesh's rural areas. He is now 21. He is a 2nd year Hons student at a public university in Mymensingh from 2022. Even though he was expected to complete his undergraduate by 2023, the problematic environment due to Covid-19 has hampered his educational preparation. He tries to abide by the rules of Islam. He comes from the Bengali community. His is unmarried. He is a resident of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Hall at JKKNIU, a suburban area. His family consists of 7 members called an extended family. His parent earns monthly around 25,000 TK. His parent's educational background is below SSC due to a lack of financial aid and mental support. His father is making a business to run his family in a good way. They are living in their own house, which is in a rural area of Bangladesh. His monthly expenditure (including education or others) is around 5 to 6 thousand TK, but he has no connection to earning in his own way. His family bears his monthly expenditure, but sometimes that is not good enough to fulfill his needs. He does not have to support his family financially. He is associated with social activities such as the blood donation club whose main focus is to serve free blood. He is now facing mental stress for educational worries and some financial condition. Despite his financial condition, he has a very good relationship with his family and is satisfied with his socioeconomic background. He considers that socioeconomic status affects his life, increases the financial difficulties, and influences his academic study. He does not have enough facilities for using the internet. His family is connected with social activities such as the madrasa or mosque. As a result, they have a distinct acceptance and equal rights, access, or priority to make any decisions in society.

#### **6.3 Case study-3**

Every student has different characteristics. Their socioeconomic status is also different. Similarly, a 3rd year student of Jatiya Kavi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, who does not want to reveal his name, describes his socioeconomic status and says that he comes from Barguna; he stays in the mess without getting a seat in the university hall. His family lives in a village in Barguna. His father is a farmer, and his mother is a housewife. They are six siblings. He is the second child among the siblings. All his siblings are currently studying. All the expenses of the family along with their education expenses are borne by his father alone. And for this, his father has to work a lot. However, the individual cannot afford all the expenses. In such a case, he gives

tuition between classes. This makes it a little easier to manage his educational expenses. When asked if it is possible to cover all the expenses with the money from the family and that he earns, he replies that no, more money is needed to complete it. For example, he says that he cannot buy all the teaching materials and takes the help of friends. Again, in terms of food, he cannot eat three full meals daily. In addition, he has to reduce other expenses. Meanwhile, as Trishal is a upazila city, the fee for tuition here is much lower than in other university areas. He does not have enough time to study due to the large amount of time required for tuition and is not paid accordingly. It was his main aim to get admission to the university and take regular classes and study regularly. But due to financial difficulties, he cannot devote much time to his studies. Sometimes, he even has to miss classes. He also said that if his socioeconomic status was good then he could have done very well in his studies. And he hoped that he would do well by enrolling in the university. But that was hampered by him not being able to take regular classes. In each course of each semester, he only managed to take the number of classes required to qualify for the minimum exam. And he could not devote much time to his study's department. Although there were various organizations at the university, he could not get much involved in the organization due to a lack of time. At one point, he says that a student's socioeconomic status has a great influence on his studies and that goes without saying if that student is a university student. University students have to be regularly involved in various academic activities including regular classes and studies. Without a good certificate in appreciation of academic studies, it becomes very difficult for them to get a job. Therefore, it is very urgent to say that the socioeconomic status of a university student has a great influence on his studies. The student even deviates from the original goal of university admission at one point to meet his financial needs.

#### **6.4 Case study-4**

Md Samir is a boy from a middle-class family. He is 22 now. He is a 2nd year Honors student at JKKNIU; he comes from a Muslim family, belonging the Bengali community. He is living in a suburban area and is unmarried. There are 4 members in the family. His father's monthly income was less than 10 thousand, and he did not study further after SSC because of his familial problem. Samir's father is a farmer, and his mother is a homemaker. There is a small house on their land. Samir does not have any monthly income because he does not do anything to study. His monthly expenditure is less than 5 thousand, and his father bears this expenditure, but this is not enough for him. He involves in many social welfare activities. He is suffering from too much mental stress for his economic condition. His socioeconomic status affects his personal life. He is not satisfied with his socioeconomic status. Apart from this, his relationship with his family is very good. Their economic condition influences his academic study badly. He cannot bear his academic cost properly. As a result, he sometimes becomes depressed. And it affects his study. He is living in a residential hall at his university. For this reason, his living area does not impact his study, and he has enough facilities for internet access. The moral of the story is that Samir's socioeconomic status is not good, and it affects his academic life.

#### **6.5 Case study-5**

Uttam Kumar (pseudonym) is a student in the Finance and Banking Department of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University. While conducting an interview on his

*Mental Stress, Socioeconomic Status, and Academic Performance: A Critical Analysis among… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109795*

socioeconomic status, it is known that he lives in the village of Ulipur upazila under the Kurigram district. He belongs to a middle-class family. His father is the sole earner in their, family and his mother is a housewife. He is the eldest among three sisters and two brothers. When asked about the cost of Uttam's education, he said that he earns two thousand Tk per month from tuition and takes the rest of the cost of education from his family. However, this money is not enough to meet his needs. Uttam said that the income from his father is enough for his family. He does not have to provide any financial support to his family. He is associated with a voluntary organization called Rangdhanu of the university. Because he takes a certain amount of money from home every month, if there is no tuition in a month, the money gets strained. The relationship between Uttam and his family is quite good. But he has to study very hard. He is not satisfied with his financial condition. He said, "This economic condition of mine has had a lot of impact on my formal education because I have to get tuition along with my studies. I have to keep calculating. Thinking about money sometimes disrupts my focus on studies." He said that he has enough opportunities to use the internet. And both men and women have equal rights in decision-making in their families.

### **7. Limitations of the study**

This organized assessment has certain limitations; all of the studies were done using self-reports, which caused socially desirable responses. However, associated with offline and/or face-to-face surveys, the study's online arrangement (some) may have increased the reliability of the responses. The data sample was small, but the researcher did his best to acquire as much evidence as possible. Because of the limited time and capital, a country-wide study could not be conducted among all university students. The most significant limitation was gaining access to all the students of because many of them had no access to phones and had limited time to face the interview.

## **8. Conclusion**

Some economic factors like family income, parental occupation, social standard, lifestyle, and others describe the socioeconomic status of a man. We assume that the students of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University have come from different economic backgrounds including different occupations, diverse sources of income, different amounts of annual family income, and various economic classes. The profession of the parents of students was mainly from business groups and jobholders who lived in the urban areas. But gaps between the rural and the urban and those between the economic classes are going to equalize. So, this research will find information about the students. The majority of the students of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University belong to middle-class families. Omoraka noted that all students have certain requirements, physical and sociological, which, when met, really contribute to their academic performance.<sup>6</sup> These desires may include a favorable reading atmosphere, good food, playing ground, adequacy of books, and easy availability of good schools. All of these

<sup>6</sup> www.du.edu

help students with effective learning and good achievement in schools [36]. Viewing such a medium as a form of innovation, the five socioeconomic characteristics, namely, gender, age, income level, education level, and exposure to the internet, were hypothesized to see whether there was any relationship between these five factors and the consumer's willingness to adopt e-commerce.<sup>7</sup> According to Sabzwari (2004), the following factors play a vital role in academic achievements of pupils [37].


Most of the students depend on family income. Socioeconomic status has a greater influence on personal life. By knowing someone's background, a decision will be taken easily. But there is no database of students about their condition, and the university authority does not take any initiative in this.<sup>8</sup> All decisions about students are taken by ignoring their socioeconomic status. Above data, most students come to Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University from different districts of Bangladesh [38]. A student from high socioeconomic status is treated nicely, but unfortunately, students coming from lower-class families are not seen equally. For example, a lower-class student faces much discrimination for only his/her socioeconomic status. Above 60% of the students stay outside of the hall, which means that the university's residential facilities are not enough. On the other hand, the university has no career plan for students according to the demand of the present era. To revise the system's understanding of the socioeconomic status of students, there is a crying need for the university to make a database at the time of admission with a well-designed form, and modern information technology can be used to develop this. University authority and teachers should take a decision based on the socioeconomic profile of the students [39]. Furthermore, labeling someone badly, such as poor or lower class, affects his/her life deeply, which has an intense impact on the academic performance too, and the student cannot easily get out from this labeling. We sometimes tag or label someone without knowing something or with knowing something, and this incident effect much of a person's life. An individual rarely can overcome the imagination of being labeled by someone or a group of people, and for that reason, he/she perhaps continues his/her previous work badly. For example, when people say some bitter words to a poor child, he sometimes feels bad and starts crying. Labeling someone as poor or rich is not a good deed, because it impacts them negatively. Sometimes, we often identify someone only by seeing their clothes or something similar. Rich people get many advantages from being labeled by society, and the poor are facing problems. Again, we accept the crime done

<sup>7</sup> https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/ 10.1142/S021962200600199X&ved=2ahUKEwif5Oamz\_v5AhXxxDgGHUr5AWIQFnoECAIQBQ&usg= AOvVaw26LaoOaOfu48JaohD\_HAv6

<sup>8</sup> work.chron.com
