*2.3.2 Secondary sources of data*

The secondary sources of data were AC and DC minutes in the college and the departments, and the document from Quality Assurance Directorate Office on the teaching-learning performance in the college.

*Teachers' Ethical Professional Practices in Higher Education Institutions: An… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109651*

### **2.4 Sample and sampling technique**

In this study, six students were selected for the focus group discussion, and four teachers and four department heads were selected for the in-depth interview purposively. Lodging complaints to the department was used as criteria for selecting the students. Department heads were included into the study because they were the ones who handle complaints against teachers brought to their respective departments, and members of Academic Council were included because complaints were seen for further deliberation and decisions at this stage. In this study, purposive sampling technique was employed for the reason that this sampling design enables the researchers to get information-rich study participants (**Table 1**) [23].


#### **Table 1.**

*Sample and sampling technique.*

#### **2.5 Instruments of data collection**

In-depth interview, focus group discussion, and documents analysis were used to collect data. An in-depth interview was employed because it enables to explore indepth a respondent's point of view, experiences, feelings, and detailed personal information [24]. Document analysis was carried out because it was used as a means of triangulation to provide a confluence of evidence that breeds credibility [25]. Focus group discussion was employed because it helps to probe deeper into certain things have or not have occurred, and to explore un anticipated issues [26].

#### **2.6 Method of data analysis**

The analysis of data was carried out as follows. First, transcriptions of data collected through in-depth interview and focus group discussion were read and re-read several times. Then, data were coded and categorized into their similarities, and eventually, themes were formed, and finally, thick description of the data was done.
